MATERIAL SCIENCE

AND ENGINEERING
Fall 2023
Dr. Isam Alawneh

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 Chapter 4
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
• This chapter discusses the physical properties that are most important in manufacturing
• Physical properties, as the term is used here, defines the behavior of materials in response to
physical forces other than mechanical.
• They include:
• volumetric,
• thermal,
• electrical, and
• electrochemical properties
• Components in a product must do more than simply withstand mechanical stresses:
• They must conduct electricity (or prevent its conduction),
• allow heat to be transferred (or allow it to escape),
• transmit light (or block its transmission), and
• satisfy myriad ‫ ال تعد وال تحصى‬- - other functions.

• Physical properties are important in manufacturing because they often influence the
performance of the process, For example:
• Thermal properties of the work material in machining determine the cutting temperature, which
affects how long the tool can be used before it fails.
• In microelectronics, electrical properties of silicon and the way in which these properties can be
altered by various chemical and physical processes comprise the basis of semiconductor
manufacturing. 3
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS

‫االنتشار الشامل‬

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 VOLUMETRIC AND MELTING PROPERTIES
• These properties are related to the volume of solids and how they are affected by temperature.
• The properties include density, thermal expansion, and melting point.
• A listing of typical values for selected engineering materials is presented in Table 4.1.

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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
• The solidus is the highest temperature at which an alloy is solid – where melting begins.
• The liquidus is the temperature at which an alloy is completely melted.
• At temperatures between the solidus and liquidus the alloy is part solid, part liquid.
• Sintering of powder metals ‫ تلبيد المعادن المساحيق‬is a process in which particles under pressure chemically
bond to themselves in order to form a coherent shape when exposed to a high temperature. The
temperature in which the particles are sintered is most commonly below the melting point of the main
component in the powder.
• Thermal diffusivity ‫ االنتشار الحراري‬is the thermal conductivity divided by density and specific heat
capacity at constant pressure. It measures the ability of a material to conduct thermal energy relative to
its ability to store thermal energy.

• ‫ سبائك سهل االنصهار‬eutectic alloys

‫سباكه المعادن‬ metal casting
‫صب‬ poured
‫تجويف القالب‬ mold cavity
‫لإللقاء المعادن ذات نقاط انصهار أقل بشكل عام أسهل‬ Metals with lower melting points are generally easier to cast
‫ صب المعادن‬cast metals
‫ تلبيد المعادن المسحوقة‬Sintering of powdered metals
‫التحريض الحراري‬ thermal agitation
‫حركة التجوال الحر‬ free-roaming movement
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 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATERIALS
• Physical properties, as the term is used here, defines the behavior
of materials in response to physical forces other than mechanical.

• They include volumetric, thermal, electrical, and electrochemical

properties.

• Physical properties Characteristics such as color, elasticity,

electrical or thermal conductivity, magnetism, and optical
behavior that generally are not significantly influenced by forces
acting on a material.

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