Hello!

UNIT 6.1
RELATIVE CLAUSE
Hi!
 TRANSLATE THIS SENTENCE

Mẹ tôi là người MÀ tôi yêu nhất.

🡪 My mom is the person WHO/THAT I love (the) most.

 Use “who” or “which” or ‘’that’’ in these
sentences?
Children who/THAT take part in competitive sports tend to be
noun
very active.
Many children take part in sport competitions which/ that are
held by their schools. noun phrase

He gave me a gift, which made me happy so much.

clause
=> a relative clause can add more information for a noun,
noun phrase or clause.
 ADJECTIVE/
RELATIVE CLAUSES
tell us more about people
and things in front of them
 RELATIVE PRONOUNS/ADVERBS
/WHY

coach WHO

WHOSE

WHERE

WHICH

WHEN

WHOSE

WHEN
WHY
8- There are many reasons ……… more children are becoming overweight today.
WHY - refer to REASONS
 DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
They’re the people who want to buy our house.

They should give the money to somebody who they think

needs the treatment most.

🡪 give essential information about someone or something

– information that we need in order to understand what or
who is being referred to
 NON-DEFINING RELATIVE CLAUSES
Clare, who I work with, is doing the London marathon this
year.

Lord Thompson, who is 76, has just retired.

🡪 give extra information about the person or thing. It is not

necessary information. We don’t need it to understand
who or what is being referred to.

With this kind of relative clause, we use commas (,) to

separate it from the rest of the sentence.
 RELATIVE CLAUSES REFERRING TO A
WHOLE SENTENCE

But I think Sean was a bit upset about that, which is

understandable.

🡪 refers to a whole sentence or stretch of language before

them.
*** always introduced with which
*** In writing we usually put a comma (,) before which
Relative Clause
Reduction
RULES
 A relative pronoun + verb can be replaced
with a participle

Children who play sports tend to be very active.

✔ Remove the relative pronoun ‘who’
✔ The main verb in the relative clause turns to V-ing

➔ The reduced sentence:

Children playing sports tend to be very active.

 For passive constructions, the relative pronoun +
verb to be can be removed to leave the past
participle:

Children who are forced to play sports often

hate physical activities.
✔ Remove the relative pronoun ‘who’ and ‘to be’ verb (‘are’)

✔ The main past participle in the relative clause remains unchanged

➔ The reduced sentence: Children forced to play
sports often hate physical activities.
EXERCISE 1
Choose the correct answer
that
gold
TIME FOR PRACTICE
 COMBINE THE SENTENCE BY USING
RELATIVE CLAUSES

1- The man is tired. He has been

working all day.
 Make a relative clause

The man is tired. He has been working all day.

First, replace “he” with “who”.

The man is tired. who has been working all day.

Then, put the relative clause after the noun it describes

The man who has been working all day is tired.

 COMBINE THE SENTENCE BY USING
RELATIVE CLAUSES

2- I saw the man. He robbed the bank.

 Make a relative clause

I saw the man. He robbed the bank.

First, replace “he” with “who/that”.

I saw the man who robbed the bank.

Then, put the relative clause after the noun it describes

I saw the man who/that robbed the bank.

EXERCISE 2
Sentence Combination
Playing team sports can help to enhance collaboration skills which are very
essential for working in a company.

Many children are encouraged to take part in physical activities from a very
young age, which can stimulate their development.
Young people nowadays who want to step out of their comfort zone and
challenge their limit are more willing to try extreme sports.

Many schools hold annual sport events where students can compete with each
other to win a prize.
It is very easy for people who are usually too busy with their job and their
personal life to lead a sedentary lifestyle.
 Identify the mistakes in these sentences:
• Mr.Tyler, who teaches us English.
Lỗi: mới chỉ có một cụm danh từ bao gồm danh từ chính là
Mr.Tyler và phần bổ nghĩa là who teaches us English, hoàn toàn
thiếu hoạt động chính.
Nội dung của câu chưa hoàn chỉnh
=> Mr.Tyler, who teaches us English, is very... . (bổ sung động
từ chính)
 Identify the mistakes in these sentences:
• Children play sports tend to be very active.
Lỗi: có hai động từ play và tend đều được chia như động từ
chính.
Điều này khiến người đọc bối rối do không biết ý nghĩa chính
người viết muốn truyền tải là gì, và sai ngữ pháp
⇒ Children who play sports tend to be very active. HOẶC
⇒ Children playing sports tend to be very active.
EXERCISE 3
Error Correction
no relative pronoun

People WHO refuse to …/ People refusing to …

no main verb

A balanced diet which requires people to eat more wholesome

foods is recommended by health experts.
‘they’ is redundant

People who PLAY sports …

no relative pronoun

Sports stars WHO are more good-looking …

EXERCISE 4
Paragraph Translation
1- Nhiều người nghĩ rằng tham gia vào các môn thể thao mà
được chơi theo nhóm sẽ rất có ích.
🡪 Some people think that it is very beneficial to take part in
sports which are played in teams.

2- Các môn thể thao đồng đội cho người chơi cơ hội để phát
triển các kỹ năng mềm như làm việc nhóm hoặc kỹ năng giao
tiếp, điều này không chỉ giúp con người trong sự tương tác xã
hội thường ngày mà còn có lợi cho họ ở nơi làm việc.
🡪 Team sports give players the opportunity to develop skills, like
teamwork and communication skills, which will not only help
people in their day-to-day social interactions but also benefit
them in their workplace.
3- Thêm vào đó, các môn thể thao đồng đội còn giúp cho
người chơi có cơ hội để phát triển tinh thần đoàn kết, tình
bạn và tinh thần thể thao với nhau, điều đó thật sự thêm
được những giá trị vào cuộc sống của con người bằng
cách tạo cho họ cảm giác thuộc về.

🡪 In addition, team sports also offer players the chance to

develop a sense of unity, friendship, and sportsmanship
between teammates, which can really add value to people’s
lives by giving them a sense of belonging.
EXERCISE 5
Sentence Translation
Pie Chart
Students who came / coming from high-income families made up over
half of the total number of students at the University, at 60%.

The percentage of students who came / coming from middle-income

families took up over a fourth of the total number of students.
Lower than 10% was the figure for students who came from / coming
from low-income families, followed by 3% of students with millionaire
parents.

Only 1% of the number of students who came / coming from no-income

families had to earn money by themselves to attend University.
THANK
YOU!!!
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