BÀ I MẪ U ĐOẠ N VĂ N VỀ GIẢ I PHÁ P

UNIT 4

ADJECTIVES AND ADVERBS

LET’S WATCH THE VIDEO AND ANSWER THE
QUESTIONS TO GET STARS FOR YOUR TEAMS
 What are adjectives?

Adjectives are words that give

more information about a noun or
pronoun and can go in different
positions in a sentence.
How many types of adjectives are there?
? There are 9 types of adjectives
1. Opinion
2. Size
3. Age
4. Shape
5. Color
6. Origin
7. Material
8. Type
9. Purpose
The positions of adjectives in a sentence
? In front of a noun
E.g. Hanoi is a congested city.
? After To be
E.g. The traffic in Ha Noi is terrible.
? After linking verbs: feel, smell, taste, look, seem, appear, sound, …
E.g. The traffic seems terrible these days.
? After verbs indicating transformation
E.g. Traffic congestion has become more serious.
? Going after “the” to indicate a group of people sharing the same
characteristics.
E.g. the poor, the rich, the young, the elderly, the unemployed, …
? Adjectives with -ing and -ed
 Adjectives with -ing and -ed
? If you say something is interesting, you mean it interests you:
E.g. I read a very interesting article in the newspaper today.

? If you say something is terrifying, you mean it terrifies you:

E.g. Crossing the streets in Viet Nam was absolutely terrifying.

? If something bores you, you can say you feel bored.

E.g. We had nothing to do. We were really bored.

? If something terrifies you, you can say you are terrified.

E.g. I didn't really enjoy crossing the streets in Viet Nam. Most of
the time I was terrified.
Now, let’s see some
scenes and describe the
feelings.
HE IS CONFUSED
HE IS EXCITED
HE IS DISGUSTED
THE DOG IS EXCITED
What do all these adjectives have
in common?
adjectives finished with-ed
describe people’s feelings.
IT IS ANNOYING HIM
THE SITUATION IS SURPRISING HIM
THE PLAY IS PLEASING HIM
WHAT DO ALL THESE
ADJECTIVES HAVE IN
COMMON?
adjectives finished with -ing

describe things that caused the emotion.

 If rollercoasters make you feel
(ed) then they are .

Exciting? Terrifying?
The past participle adjective is used to talk
about how someone feels.

How does this kid feel right now?

 Excited?
Scared?
Bored?
Depressed?
How are these people feeling?
 What are adverbs?

Adverbials are words that we use to give more

information about a verb. They can be one word
(angrily, here) or phrases (at home, in a few hours)
and often say how, where, when or how often
something happens or is done.
 Adverb

Adverb

The Adverb Can!!!

Adverb
Yes, an Adverb Will Tell Us:
*Where *When
*How *To What Extent

An Adverb Can Describe 3 Parts of Speech: *verb, *adjective, *adverb

LET’S PRACTICE! ADVERBS DESCRIBING
VERBS
Directions: 1st tell the verb/verb phrase in the
sentence.
Then, tell the adverb describing it.

1. You can happily play video games for hours!

What is the verb phrase? can play
What is the adverb? happily

2. The moon shined brightly in the dark sky.

What is the verb? shined
What is the adverb? brightly
 An Adverb Can Also Describe
an Adjective!
Example: The fair is especially busy on
Saturday night.

“What adjective describes fair?”

busy
“How busy?” especially = adverb
Adjective or Adverb?

● He’s a careful driver.

● He drives carefully.

● He’s a quick worker.

● He works quickly.

Adjective + ‘ly’
 The positions of adverbs in a sentence
● Before or after a verb
E.g. We should live happily with our neighbors. / We should
happily live with our neighbors.

● If the verb has an object or complement we can also put the

adverbial after the object or complement
E.g. He opened the door quietly.

● Adverbs of frequency (how often) usually come in front of the

main verb or behind to be:
E.g. ​We usually spent our holidays with our grandparents
How many types of adverbs are there?

Type Example

Time then, tomorrow, yet, already, yesterday, today, after,

before,..

Location here, there

Frequency often, regularly, sometimes, rarely, always,...

Degree very, extremely, too, …

Opinion luckily, Surprisingly

Linking firstly, however, therefore, otherwise, …

 Some special adverbs

Adj Adv Adj Adv Adj Adv

Good Well Early Early Straightly Straightly

Fast Fast Far Far Wrong Wrong/

wrongly
Late Late Daily Daily Hard Hard
Some pairs of adverbs that can be
misunderstood
HIGH HIGHLY
High can be an adjective. If Highly is an adverb and it is the
something is high, it is at a synonym of extremely, very
great distance above the much.
ground

Eg: The grass was high, so we Eg: I highly recommended that

could not move. restaurant to my parents.

High can be an adverb. It

means “at a great value” or “of
great value”

Eg: She cannot sing that high.

 Some pairs of adverbs that can be
misunderstood
LATE LATELY
Late can be an adjective. If Lately is an adverb and it is
something is late, it is falling the synonym of recently
behind others.
Eg: Lately, the number of
Eg: The lesson was late due to traffic accidents has been on
some emergency at school. the increase in the country.

Late can be an adverb. If

something happens late, it
happens after the expected
time.

Eg: My teacher arrived late for

the lesson.
 Some pairs of adverbs that can be
misunderstood

ALMOST NEARLY
Meaning: very close to
Almost/ Nearly + every + singular nouns
Almost/ Nearly + all + plural nouns
Eg: Almost everyone is aware of traffic rules.
Nearly all students did not take part in the festival.
 Some pairs of adverbs that can be
misunderstood
MOST MOSTLY
We use most with nouns to mean ‘the Mostly is an adverb that means
majority of’: ‘mainly’:

Eg: She plays tennis most mornings. Eg: I am mostly interested in the
Most tap water is drinkable. history of the house. (= I am interested
in other things about the house but my
When we are talking about the majority main interest is its history.)
of a specific set of something, we use
most of the + noun.
Eg: The food at the party was delicious.
He’d made most of the desserts
himself.

Most of the information was useful.

Some of it wasn’t relevant.
CORRECT EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Adverb or Adjective?
Exercise 2: Choose the correct word
 Exercise 3: Choose the correct word

1. Many claim that public transports usually arrive late/lately, so they

prefer to use their cars.
2. Lately/Late, a great deal of effort has been put into educating young
people about the negative consequences of environmental pollution.
3. It is hard/hardly to believe that some people still hold the belief that
only poor countries are affected by climate change.
4. It is hardly/hard surprising that most cities in the world will be flooded
by water due to rising sea levels.
5. Almost every students/student is aware of the effects of global
warming.
 Exercise 4: Translate into English

Tá c độ ng củ a con ngườ i lên hệ sinh thá i đang dẫ n đến sự tuyệt

chủ ng củ a cá c loà i sinh vậ t và sự biến mấ t củ a đa dạ ng sinh
họ c.
Influence of human beings on the world's ecosystem is leading to the ..
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………………
extinction of species and loss of biodiversity.
...................................................................................................................................
.
Nguyên nhâ n chính là gì?
🡪…………………………………………………………………………………………
What are the primary causes? ..

Bạ n có thể để xuấ t cá c giả i phá p nà o?

🡪…………………………………………………………………………………………
What solutions can you suggest? ..
Hai lý do chính cho sự tuyệt chủ ng củ a cá c loà i sinh vậ t là sự
thay đổ i củ a mô i trườ ng số ng và sự khai thá c quá mứ c cá c
nguồ n tà i nguyên thiên nhiên. Đầ u tiên, con ngườ i có thể tá c
độ ng tiêu cự c đến mô i trườ ng bằ ng cá ch phá huỷ thả m thự c vậ t
và mô i trườ ng số ng tự nhiên củ a độ ng vậ t. Ví dụ , để xây nên cá c
con đườ ng, con ngườ i đang chặ t mộ t số lượ ng cây rấ t lớ n hằ ng
nă m. Chính vì lý do đó , cá c loà i sinh vậ t đang chết dầ n. Bên cạ nh
đó , khi cá c nguồ n tà i nguyên thiên nhiên bị khai thá c quá mứ c ở
mộ t khu vự c nhấ t định, chú ng sẽ trở nên cạ n kiệt. Ví dụ , việc să n
bắ t cá quá thườ ng xuyên khiến cá c loà i cá khô ng có đủ thờ i gian
để sinh sả n.

•Species extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủ ng củ a cá c •(To) harvest: khai thá c

loà i sinh vậ t •(Be) intense: dữ dộ i, khắ c nghiệt
•Overexploitation (n): sự khai thá c quá mứ c •(Be) exhausted: cạ n kiệt
•Natural resources (n): tà i nguyên thiên nhiên •Overfishing (n): hoạ t độ ng bắ t cá quá mứ c
•Vegetation (n): thả m thự c vậ t •Reproduce (v): sinh sả n
•Natural habitats (n): mô i trườ ng số ng tự nhiên
•Die out (v): dầ n biến mấ t, trở nên tuyệt chủ ng/
chết dầ n
The two main causes of species extinction are
change of their habitats and overexploitation of
natural resources. Firstly, humans can have a
negative impact on the environment by destroying
vegetation and animals’ natural habitats. For
instance, in order to build new roads, people are
cutting down a huge number of trees. Because of
that, a lot of species are dying out. Besides, when
natural resources are overexploited in a particular
area, they become exhausted. For example,
overfishing does not leave enough time for fish to
reproduce.
Mộ t và i giả i phá p khả thi cho vấ n đề này là bả o vệ cá c thắ ng
cả nh tự nhiên và nâ ng cao nhậ n thứ c củ a con ngườ i. Đầ u tiên,
bằ ng cá ch giớ i hạ n cá c hoạ t độ ng củ a con ngườ i tạ i mộ t số nơi
nhấ t định, chính phủ có thể cứ u lấy mô i trườ ng và ngă n chặ n cá c
loà i sinh vậ t khỏ i nguy cơ tuyệt chủ ng. Ví dụ , ở cá c khu bả o tồ n
tự nhiên, việc să n bắ t độ ng vậ t là trá i phá p luậ t. Bướ c tiếp theo
để chố ng lạ i sự mấ t đi đa dạ ng sinh họ c là tuyên truyền cho
ngườ i dâ n biết về sự nguy hiểm củ a vấ n đề này. Nhờ và o đó , con
ngườ i sẽ ý thứ c hơn về việc bả o vệ mô i trườ ng và sẽ khô ng sử
dụ ng quá mứ c hay phá huỷ cá c nguồ n tà i nguyên thiên nhiên.

Natural areas (n): khu vự c, thắ ng cả nh Loss of biodiversity (n): sự mấ t đi đa dạ ng

thiên nhiên
Raise people’s awareness: nâ ng cao nhậ n
thứ c củ a con ngườ i
Extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủ ng
sinh họ c
Be more conscious of/ be more aware of: ý
thứ c hơn về
(Be) illegal: trá i phép
Animal hunting (n): việc să n bắ n độ ng vậ t
Some possible solutions to this problem are
protecting natural areas and promoting awareness
among people. Firstly, by limiting people's activities
in some particular areas, the government can save
the environment and prevent species from the risk
of extinction. For example, in some natural reserves,
animal hunting is illegal. The next step in fighting
biodiversity loss is informing the general population
about the dangers of this problem. Thanks to that,
people will be more conscious of environmental
protection and will not overuse or destroy natural
resources.
EXTRA EXERCISES
clear

significantly

Additionally

examined

slightly considerable

stable
Nowadays, in modern cities, there are mostly high-
rises and major roads instead of natural sceneries.

Therefore, people do not have much of a chance/

have few chances to be close to the nature and do
not fully understand its importance.
Moreover, children nowadays often spend their free
time playing video games or using smart phones
instead of learning about the natural world.

Another reason is that subjects about

environmental protection are unpopular in
the school curriculum.
For example, Biology is not considered to be an
important subject in high schools in Vietnam.

This leads to a severe lack of knowledge about

the nature among students.