ENGLISH

ENHANCEMENT
1
PAST TENSES
Prepared by:
Angelie P. Luardo
 Learning Outcomes
a. Identify the different past tenses;
b. Analyze the uses of each tense in the past; and
c. Give example sentences to each past tense.
SIMPLE PAST
 SIMPLE PAST
• Use the simple past to describe actions, situations, or events that are
completed.
• Use simple past for actions that happened once or repeatedly in the past.
• Past time markers, such as in 1980, yesterday, last year, last month, ago,
and last week can be used in the simple past.
 SIMPLE PAST
Examples:
 I saw Maria yesterday.
 Last Friday, the students took their spelling and vocabulary tests.
 They got married two years ago.
 SIMPLE PAST
How do we form the simple past tense?
English has two types of verbs in the past:
• Regular verbs
• Irregular verbs
 SIMPLE PAST
Using Time Clauses with Simple Past
a. Use after to introduce the first event.
 After the store opened, people didn’t buy the dolls.
b. Use before to introduce the second event.
 The company worked with an advertising team before it marketed the
shampoo.
 SIMPLE PAST
Using Time Clauses with Simple Past
c. Use as soon as or once to introduce the first event when the second
event happens immediately after.
 As soon as the company made prices affordable, sales improved.
 Women bought the shampoo once the ad fit the local culture.
 SIMPLE PAST
Using Time Clauses with Simple Past
d. Until means up to that time. Use until to indicate the second event.
 There were not many sales until the company changed its advertising.
e. Use when to introduce the first event. When means at almost the same
time.
 When we thought about the low sales, we got a little worried.
 SIMPLE PAST
Let’s Try!
Last year, I (spend) _________ my holiday in Ireland. It (be) _________
great. I (travelled) ________ around the city by car with two friends and we
(visit) ________ lots of interesting place. In the evenings, we usually (go) to a
café.
We (be) ________ very lucky with the weather. It (not/rain) ________ a
lot. We (see) ________ some beautiful rainbows. I (have) ________ an
amazing holiday.
 PAST
CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• Use the past progressive to describe an activity or event in progress over a period
of time in the past.
• Form (was/were + -ing form of the verb)
Examples:
• The company wasn’t selling dolls in China at that time.
• Why weren’t many people buying them?
• What was happening during that period?
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• Use past progressive when an action in the past overlaps or in interrupted by
another action or a time.
Examples:
 I was walking to school when I met Jane.
 I was watching TV when the phone rang.
 My father called me while I was doing my project.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• Use past progressive to emphasize that something lasted for a long period of
time. Usually used with time expression like ‘all day,’ ‘all evening,’ or for specific
time.
Examples:
 I was playing the piano at 5 P.M..
 I was working in the garden all day.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• Use past progressive to explain when two actions over a longer period of time
were happening at the same time. Usually used with time expressions like ‘while.’
Examples:
 My husband was cooking the dinner while our children were doing their
homework.
 I was riding my bike while listening to music.
 They were eating dinner, discussing their plans, and having a good time.
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• Use past progressive to ask questions about:
a. an activity in progress at a particular time in the past.
What were you doing yesterday morning?
Were you sleeping at midnight?
b. an activity that is interrupted by an event.
What were you doing when the teacher came into the room?
Were you sleeping when the alarm clock went off?
PAST PROGRESSIVE
• Use past progressive to ask questions about:
c. the background scene or situation for events in the past.
Was it raining when you left school?
Was Sir Alexander Fleming already looking for antibodies when he
discovered penicillin?
PAST PROGRESSIVE
Let’s Try!
1. They ________ (eat) lunch in the cafeteria at noon. They ________ (study) in the
library.
2. A: ________ you ________ (sing) a few minutes ago?
B: No, I ________ (listen) to the radio.
3. I ________ (walk) home when I saw the fireworks in the sky.
4. My brother and I ________ (run) in the park together at lunchtime when it started
to rain.
5. We ________ (play) badminton while you ________ (swim).
PAST PERFECT
 PAST PERFECT
• The past perfect is used to describe a completed event that happened before
another event in the past.
• This is the past in the past.
Examples:
 The train left at 9 A.M.. We arrived at 9:15 A.M.. When we arrived, the train had
left.
 The train had gone when I arrived at the station.
 PAST PERFECT
• Form the past perfect tense with had + the past participle of the main verb. Form
the negative by adding not after had.
Examples:
 Elyse and Paula did not grow up together. They had lived with different families.
 A: “Had she talked about the study to anyone at the time?”
 B: “No, she hadn’t.”
 PAST PERFECT
• Use past perfect to talk about a past action that ended before another action/time
in the past, we before and after. We use the simple past, too.
Examples:
 The film had started before we arrived.
 We arrived after the film had started.
 PAST PERFECT
• Use past perfect to show the cause/reason or background information for later
past action.
Example:
 I was tired on Monday because I hadn’t slept well the night before. (reason)
 He had never taken a subway before he moved to New York. (background
information)
 PAST PERFECT
• Use past perfect with time expressions such as when, after, before, as soon as.
Example:
 When I got home, my mother had already prepared dinner.
 As soon as the kids had found about the chocolates in the cupboard, they ate
every piece of it. (shows that one event happened very soon after the other)
Let’s Try!
PAST PERFECT
• When I got to the house, Mary wasn’t there. She _______ already _______.
(leave)
• I didn’t recognize my old classmate because she _______ so much. (change)
• We were late for the show last night. By the time we got to the theater, the movie
_______ already _______. (start)
• Yesterday I went on my own plane trip. I was very nervous because I _______
never _______ before. (travel)
• Last week our teacher gave back the essays we _______ the week before. (write)
PAST PERFECT
CONTINUOUS/
PROGRESSIVE
 PAST PERFECT
• We use the Past Perfect Continuous to show that something started in the past

PROGRESSIVE
and continued up until another time in the past.
• Format: had + been + progressive form of the verb
Examples:
 I had been studying Philippine Literature for over two decades.
 She had been working at that company for three years when it went out of
business.
 How long had you been waiting to get on the bus?
 PAST PERFECT
• It is used to talk about actions that were in progress up to another past action of
time.
Examples:
PROGRESSIVE
 I had been doing my homework when she arrived.
 When the teacher arrived, the room cleaners had been sweeping the floor.
 PAST PERFECT
• It expresses a sense of that the action was ongoing and is often used with for,

PROGRESSIVE
since, all day, all night.
• It tells us about the length of the action and the specific point when it ended. It
occurs with since or for to specify the duration of the action.
Examples:
 I had been playing for two hours when I fell and twisted my ankle.
 When the race started, it was raining and the streets were wet.
 When the race started, it had been raining and the streets were wet.
 PAST PERFECT
• We use the past perfect continuous to look back at a situation in progress.
Examples:
PROGRESSIVE
 It was a good time to invest. Inflation had been falling for several months.
 Before I changed jobs, I had been working on a plan to reduce production costs.
 We had been thinking about buying a new house but then we decided to stay
here.
 PAST PERFECT
• We use it to say what had been happening before something else happened.
Examples:
PROGRESSIVE
 It had been snowing for a while before we left.
 We had been playing tennis for only a few minutes when it started raining.
 He was out of breath when he arrived because he had been running.
 PAST PERFECT
• We use it when reporting things said in the past.
Examples:
PROGRESSIVE
 She said she had been trying to call me all day.
 They said they had been shopping. I told you I had been looking for some new
clothes.
 PAST PERFECT
• Using the past perfect progressive before another action in the past is a good way

PROGRESSIVE
to show cause and effect.
Examples:
 Jason was tired because he had been jogging.
 Sam gained weight because he had been overeating.
 Betty failed the final test because she had not been attending class
 PAST PERFECT
Let’s Try!

PROGRESSIVE
• When we got there, we saw that they _______ (rest) for over 20 minutes.
• She was so tired because she _______ (play) football the whole afternoon.
• Suddenly I realized that I _______ (shout) at the wrong person. He was absolutely
innocent.
• The teacher gave us a break because we _______ (work) on the project for
several hours.
• When I finally arrived at the airport, he told me he _______ (wait) for half an hour.
Assignment
This will be sent via groupchat.