DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL

ENGINEERING

WIDE AREA MONITORING

SYSTEM(WAMS)

Submitted by: UTKARSH Submitted To :

TIWARI MAHIMA SHARMA
 CONTENT
1.INTRODUCTION
1.1 POWER GRID(TRADITIONAL TO FUTURE GRID)
1.2 WAMS
2.COMPONENTS OF WAMS
2.1 PMU
2.2 PDC
3.COMPARISON OF SCADA & WAMS
4.WAMS IMPLEMENTATIONS
5. POSSIBLE APPROACH
6.REFERENCES
7.QUERY
WIDE AREA MONITORING SYSTEMS FROM
TRADITIONAL TO FUTURE GRIDS
Traditional grids:

Years of development to provide automation of well-established power system

Electromechanical to numerical technology

Centralized and/or distributed architectures

Communication protocols interoperability

Centralized power generation

One-directional power flow Generation follows load

Operation based on historical experience Limited grid accessibility for new producers

Future grids:

Automation systems for a new power system and business model. Decentralized renewable sources)

Demand-side management

FACTS (SVC, TICSC, STATCOM, PST), HVDC

Decentralized and distributed power generation Intermittent renewable power generation

WIDE AREA
MONITORING/MEASUREMENT SYSTEM
Advanced measurement technology to collect information.

Wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) are essentially

based on the new data acquisition technology of phasor measurement and allow
monitoring transmission system conditions over large areas in view of detecting and
further counteracting grid instabilities.

The WAMS technologies are comprised of two major functions:

Obtaining the data

Extracting value from it

Getting the data is accomplished with a new generation a new generation of data
recording hardware that produces high volume recordings.
• Data is extracted and analyzed using several signal analysis tools and algorithms.
WAMS PROCESS

• In general, a WAMS acquires system

data from conventional and new data
resources, transmits it through
communication system to the control
centre and processes it After extracting
appropriate information from system
data, decisions on operation of power
system are made.
SCADA SUB SYSTEM
NEED OF WAMS

In order to avoid regional blackouts such as those occurred in India and North
America and Canada in 2003.

When constant monitoring applications are available immediate action can be

taken if some failures are detected.
• This early warning system contributes to increase system reliability by
avoiding the spreading of large area disturbances, and optimizing the use of
assets.
PHASOR MEASUREMENT UNIT (PMU)
COMMUNICATION INFRASTRUCTURE OF
WAMS
COMPONENTS OF WAMS
Phasor Measurement Unit(PMU) :
They are devices which use synchronization signal from the global positioning system
(GPS) satellite and provide the phasor voltage and currents measured at a given
substation.
A phasor is a complex number that represents both magnitude and phase angle of the sine
waves found in electricity. PMU can different Date Rate i.e. 60,30,10 frame per second.
Phasor Data Concentrator(PDC):
It is node in a system where phasor data from a number of PMUS
or PDCs is correlated and fed out as a single stream to other applications. PDC would
performs the Real time monitoring, alarming, event
triggering. It perform loacal archiving.
• It perform various quality checks on the phasor data.
WIDE AREA MONITORING SYSTEM BASIC
IDEA
• Current, voltage and frequency measurements are taken
by Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) at selected
locations in the power system and stored in a data
concentrator every 100 milliseconds. The measured
quantities include both magnitudes and phase angles,
and are time synchronised via Global Positioning
System (GPS) receivers with an accuracy of one
microsecond. The phasors measured at the same instant
provide snapshots of the status of the monitored nodes.
By comparing the snapshots with each other, not only
the steady state, but also the dynamic state of critical
nodes in transmission and sub-transmission networks
can be observed. Thereby, a dynamic monitoring of
critical nodes in power systems is achieved.
COMPARISON OF SCADA & WAMS
SCADA can only provide steady, low sampling density, and non synchronous
information of network.

Controlling centre cannot know the dynamic operation states of the system.

Instant action cannot be taken in case of failures.

WAMS enables us to observe the power system

synchronously in more elaborate time scale. WAMS requires data to be sent

and captured at
• very fast rate.
PS GUARD WIDE AREA MONITORING
SYSTEM
PS Guard:
System Based on ABB’s process control system and Windows Server
technology Server/Client architecture PMU data acquisition with OPC
standard interface
High resolution data storage and export
Graphical User Interface
WAMS applications
Connection to SCADA systems
PS Guard Communication Gateway
WAMS APPLICATIONS
PS Guard Applications

Phase Angle Monitoring

Voltage Stability Monitoring

Line Thermal Monitoring

Event Driven Data Archiving

Power Oscillation Monitoring

Power Damping Monitoring

SCADA/EMS integration
• Communication gateway
WIDE AREA MONITORING SYSTEMS
PS GUARD

Fingrid (Finland) Since 2006 10 PMUs in Finland Communication gateway to

PMU in Norway SCADA integration Main application post-disturbance
analysis of system performance Collaboration project on power oscillation
monitoring Swiss grid (Switzerland) Since 2004 7 PMUS ABB RES521
Connection to PDCs & PMUS from major European utilities allow monitoring
of dynamics across Europe Monitoring and early warning system for the
loading of the

northsouth corridor of the Swiss transmission grid

SCADA integration
• Monitoring of reconnection of UCTE zones (2004)
CONCLUSION

Wide area monitoring system (WAMS) refers to a measurement system

composed of strategically placed time-synchronized sensors (which are PMUs)
which can monitor the current status of a critical area in real-time. The critical
area can be the entire power system or a part of the system.
• Wide area monitoring system (WAMS) consists of advanced measurement
technology, information tools, and operational infrastructure that facilitate the
understanding and management of the increasingly complex behavior exhibited
by large power systems
REFERENCE

• ABB(ASEA Brown Boveri) Group( april 24,2012)

• EGAT network Thailand
THANK YOU