TECHNICAL ENGLISH 1

INVESTIGATIVE REPORT WRITING AND PRESENTATION

GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 DEFINITION OF TERMS
 General Orders. These are orders or directives covering organizational set-up, functional duties. constitution of
committees, including departmental commendations for officers, members and civilian employees. These are prepared
for signature of the Superintendent.
 Special Orders. Deal on assignments. Transfer, temporary duty or special training, etc. of personnel. These are
prepared for signature of the Deputy Superintendent under the correspondent line authority.
 Numbered Memorandum. This a department-wide directions or oders prescribing guidelines, standing procedures,
policies, rules and regulations which are intended for compliance/implementation on permanent or continuing basis.
These orders are prepared for the signature of the Deputy Superintendent under the usual line authority.
 Memoranda (Unnumbered). This is another form of dissemination of directives or orders which are intended for
compliance/implementation on temporary basis or lasting only for a short period. They are prepared either for
signature of the Superintendent or the Deputy Superintendent depending on the importance of the matter.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION
 A collection and analysis of facts/truth about persons, things, places, subject of a crime to identify the guilty party,
locate the whereabouts of the guilty part and provide admissible evidences to establish the guilt of persons involved in
a crime.
 Covers a broad activity concerning crimes against persons, property and security of the state, and other crimes such
as syndicated organized crimes of kidnapping, , illegal drug trade and traffickings, assasinations, bank robberies,
carnappings, computer crimes, money laundering, religious crimes, white slavery among others.
 The investigator’s effectiveness rests on his adequate knowledge, skills and experiences about investigative techniques,
methods and procedures, rules and policies to include the 5Ws and 1H.
 The investigator must be able to find the truth about a crime as he persistently endeavors to seek answers to the
following: 1. WHAT offense has been committed? 2. WHERE was the offense committed? 3. WHO committed the
offense? 4. WHEN was the offense committed? 5. WHY was the offense committed? 6. HOW was the offense
committed?
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 GOALS of CRIMINAL INVESTIGATION

 To determine if crime has been committed.
 To legally obtain information and evidences to identify persons responsible for
the crime.
 To arrest suspects.
 To recover stolen property.
 To complete presentation of case to appropriate authority.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 TOOLS for INVESTIGATION

 Information. Data gathered from other persons, the victim and from other
records such as public records, private records. Modus Operandi file.
 Interrogation. Skillful questioning of witnesses and suspects.
 Instrumentation. Scientific examination of real evidence, application of
instruments and methods of the physical sciences in detecting crime such as
microscope, dactyloscopy, ballistics, photography, polygraphy and others.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 METHODS OF IDENTIFYING THE OFFENDERS

 Confession. A statement in which a person acknowledges that he is guilty of
committing one or more crimes. Also known as evidence admission.
 Eyewitness. The person who has witnessed the crime or has knowledge of its
enactment. He maybe a victim, bystander, or participant in the crime who will
testify in exchange for lesser sentence.
 Circumstantial Evidence. Evidence of facts that the court cn draw conclusion
from. This is not drawn from direct observation of a fact or issue.
 Associate Evidence. Any evidence that can link a person or an tiem to the
scene of the crime. Examples: Biological evidence or physical evidence such as
fluids that originated from a human, plant or animal.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA
 STANDARD METHODS OF RECORDING INVESTIGATIVE DATA
 Photographs
 Sketches of crime scene
 Note about the crime
 Fingerprints found at the scene
 Physical evidences gathered
 Plaster ast
 Tapes of sounds or voices
 Video tape record of objects or sounds
 Written statements of subjects and witnesses
 Computerized and programmed evidences
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA
 QUALIFICATIONS OF AN INVESTIGATOR
 Capable of observation
 Rational thinker
 Knowledgeable about the laws on crimes, evidences, arrest, investigative
concepts, techniques, scientific aids, laboratory services and about criminals and
their modus operandi
 Power of intellect on the 6th sense
 Cooperative and can work with others
 Observant of professional ethics
 Has leadership potential
 Reliable, honest, and physically and mentally fit
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA
 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF INVESTIGATORS
 Provide emergency assistance
 Secure the crime scene
 Photograph, videotape and sketch
 Take notes and write reports
 Search , obtain and process physical evidence
 Obtain information from witnesses and suspects
 Conduct raids, surveillance, stakeout and undercover assignment
 Testify in court
 Investigate, monitor and research
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 POLICE REPORT WRITING FORM

 Basic or Informal Report. Deals with ordinary miscellaneous, day to day
memorandum, letter or form accomplished by any member of the unit,
section, precint/station or department in accordance with the prescribed
general orders, special orders, circulars, numbered memoranda.
 The contents are: 1. Heading or the letter head of the organization 2. Date
of preparation or submission 3. Person or Office to whom it is addressed or
submitted and 4. Name of the writer or source of the report.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 CLASSIFICATION OF LAW ENFORCEMENT REPORTS

 Administrative. Deals with the routine functioning of the department or
agency. It may cover proper uniform, reporting procedures and grievances.
Also, it is a detailed written account of an incident, crime, violation or
unprofessional behavior or misconduct which gives comprehensive
information to warrant administrative decisions on the matter.
 Operational. Deals with the activities of the law enforcement officers like:
arrest reports, incident reports, crime reports and accident reports.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 BASIC FUNCTIONS OF THE PNP

 Crime Prevention. Reduce or deter crime and criminals. Applies to efforts
made by the government to reduce crimes, enforce the law and maintain
criminal justice. Police visibility is necessary in this case.
 Crime Solution. This pertains to PNP’s efficiency which is the percentage of
solved cases out of the total number of crime incidents handled by law
enforcement agencies.
 Traffic Control. Supervision of the movement of people, goods or vehicles to
ensure and safety.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 THE CONCEPT OF POLICE REPORT

 Any written matter prepared by the police involving his or her interaction
with the community.
 The exact narration of facts, discovered during the course of crime
investigation which serves as a permanent written record for future reference.
 Permanent written record of the police activities classified as informal and
formal which communicates important facts concerning people involved in
criminal activities.
GUIDELINES IN THE PREPARATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF GENERAL
ORDERS, SPECIAL ORDERS, CIRCULARS AND MEMORANDA

 FOUR TYPES OF OPERATIONAL REPORTS

 Patrol Service Reports. Record of police unit activities used by law enforcement agencies to
track the activities of the police officers on duty.
 Preliminary Investigation Report. Dwells on the first response to a report that a crime has
occurred. Primarily, the object is tod etermine who committed the crime and to apprehend
the offender.
 Supplemental Progress Reports/Follow-up Reports. This is utilized to augment an Incident
Report and to document changes in the original incident report or record additional
information relevant and/or pertinent to the Incident Report.