Introduction to Organic

Chemistry
Organic chemistry is the study of the structure, properties, composition, reactions,
and preparation of carbon-containing compounds. It is a subdiscipline within
chemistry involving the scientific study of the structure, properties, composition,
reactions, and preparation.
Alkanes: Definition and Properties
Structure Properties

Alkanes are hydrocarbons with single covalent bonds Alkanes are relatively non-reactive and are used as fuels
between carbon atoms. They have the general formula and lubricants. They have low melting and boiling
CnH2n+2, making them saturated hydrocarbons. points, making them good for use in temperature-
dependent processes.
Alkenes: Definition and Properties
Definition Properties

Alkenes are hydrocarbons that contain a carbon-carbon Alkenes are more reactive than alkanes due to the
double bond. They are unsaturated hydrocarbons with presence of the carbon-carbon double bond. They
the general formula CnH2n. undergo addition reactions, making them useful in
various industrial processes like plastics manufacturing.
Alcohols: Definition and Properties
Definition Properties

Alcohols are organic compounds that contain a Alcohols have different physical properties such as
hydroxyl (OH-) group bonded to a carbon atom. They solubility, boiling points, and odors based on the length
are characterized by the presence of this functional of the carbon chain and the size of functional groups.
group.
Carboxylic Acids: Definition and Properties

Definition Properties

Carboxylic acids are organic compounds containing a Carboxylic acids exhibit a sour taste, are soluble in
carboxyl functional group. They are characterized by the water, and can be found in various natural sources
presence of a carboxyl group, COOH, in their molecular including citrus fruits, vinegar, and fermented products.
structure.
Basic 4 main compounds
(The ending differs in each group)

1 Meth- 2 Eth-
ALKANE -Methane ALKANE-Ethane

ALKENE-Not ALKENE-Ethene

ALCOHOL-Methanol ALCOHOL-Ethanol

CARBOXYLIC ACID - Methanoic acid CARBOXYLIC ACID-Ethanoic acid

3 Prop- 4 But-
ALKANE-Propane ALKANE-Butane

ALKENE -Propene ALKENE-Butene

ALCOHOL-Propanol ALCOHOL-Butanol

CARBOXYLIC ACID-Propanoic acid CARBOXYLIC ACID-Butanoic acid

Importance of Organic Chemistry in Daily
Life
Medicine Food and Agriculture Materials Science
Organic chemistry is crucial in It plays a significant role in Organic chemistry is essential
the development of drugs and understanding food in the creation of new
pharmaceuticals for treating components and developing materials, such as plastics and
various diseases. pesticides and fertilizers. fibers, for a variety of
applications.
Thank You