Introduction to

Computer Applications

Lecture # 6
Objective of Lecture
 Introduction of internet
 Basic internet terms
 Internet evolution and history
 1G
 2G
 3G
 4G
The Internet
 The Internet is a global,
interconnected computer
network in which every
computer connected to it,
can exchange data with any
other connected computer.
 Uses a phone line or
broadband access to
connect.
 Has a huge quantity of
information.
How the internet can help us

 We can find information quickly and easily.

 We can use the information in our report.
 The information is usually up-to-date.
 we communicate, obtain information, learn, seek jobs,
and maintain professional growth.
 Businesses find it an indispensable tool for their needs.
Basic internet terms
 Web page
 Website
 Home page
 Browser
 Uniform Resource Locator (URL)
 Hypertext
 Internet Service Provider
 Web Server
 Download and Upload
 Online and Offline
Web page
 Web Page Is an
electronic document
written in a computer
language called HTML
(Hyper Text Markup
Language)
 Web pages are also
known as HTML
documents.
Website
 Website Is a set of related
(linked through hypertext
links) web pages, published
by an organization or
individual.
 The quality, detail, and style
of websites vary
enormously, depending on
how it is designed.
Home Page
 Home Page Is the starting point
or a doorway to the website.
 Home page is also known as the
index or index page.
 Like the table of contents of a
book, the home page usually
provides an overview of what
could be found at the website.
 If there is not much information,
the home page may be the only
page of the website.
Browser
 Web browser is a computer program
that accesses web pages and displays
them on the computer screen.
 It is the basic software that is needed
to find, retrieve, view, and send
information over the internet.
 Two types of browsers
 Graphical browsers
 Text browsers
 Examples: Microsoft Internet Explorer,
Netscape Navigator, Mozilla Fire fox,
Google Chrome etc
Cont..
Graphical Browser
 Allow retrieval of text, images, audio, and video.
 Navigation is accomplished by pointing and clicking with
a mouse on highlighted words and graphics.
 Example: Internet Explorer, Netscape Navigator

Text Browser
 Provide access to the web in text-only mode.
 Navigation is accomplished by highlighting emphasized
words on the screen with the arrow up and down keys
and then pressing the Enter key to follow the link.
 Example: Linux
Uniform Resource
Locator(URL)
 Each web page has a unique address, called a Uniform
Resource Locator that identifies its location on the
Internet.
 Web browsers utilize the URL to retrieve a file from the
computer on which it resides.
 Example: http://www.xyz.com/tutor/start/main.htm
 Structure of the URL
 Protocol: http
 World wide web: www
 Domain name: xyz
 Domain type: com
 Path: tutor/start/
 File name: main.htm
Hypertext
 Hypertext refers to the text or
image that connects to other
documents
 Built-in connection to another
related
Web page location
 These texts or images are known
as hypertext link, hyperlink,
hotlink or simply links.
 Internet Service Provider
 An ISP is a company that provides access to the
internet to individuals or companies.
 For a monthly fee, the ISP provides user software
package, username, password, and access phone
number(s).
 Equipped with a modem, the user can log on to the
Internet and browse the web.
web server
 A web server is a computer that answers requests
from user’s computers.
 It serves images and static content, such as web
pages, to fill client’s requests.
Download and Upload
 Download refers to the activity of moving or copying a
document, program or other data from the Internet or
other interconnected computers to one’s own computer
 Upload is opposite to download.
Online and Offline
 Online is commonly referred to as connected to the
world wide web via Internet.
 Offline opposite to online
The Internet’s Evolution
J.C.R. Lick
liter
conceives of The World Wide The first
the idea of a Ray Tomlinson Web is developed. graphical
“galactic invents e-mail. Web browser
network”. is developed.

1962 1972 1989 1994

1969 1983 1995

Internet Barriers to
ARPANET goes
protocols commercial activity
online, connecting
begin. are lifted.
four computers.
The Internet’s History
 1G (1st Generation Cellular Phones)
 2G (2nd Generation GSM and GPRS Networks)
 3G (3rd Generation)
 4G (4th Generation)
1G (1st Generation Cellular Phones)
 In the 1970s, the First Generation, or
1G, mobile networks were introduced. These systems
were referred to as cellular, which was later
shortened to "cell", due to the method by which the
signals were handed off between towers.
 Cell phone signals were based on analog system
transmissions, and 1G devices were comparatively
less heavy and expensive than prior devices.
 Some of the most popular standards deployed for 1G
systems were Advanced Mobile Phone System
(AMPS), Total Access Communication Systems
(TACS) and Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT). .
2G (2nd Generation GSM and GPRS
Networks
 In the early 1990s, 2G phones deploying GSM
Technology were introduced. Global System for
Mobile communications, or GSM uses digital
modulation to improve voice quality but the network
offers limited data service.
 2G carriers continued to improve transmission
quality and coverage. The 2G carriers also began to
offer additional services, such as paging, faxes, text
messages and voicemail. The limited data services
under 2G included WAP, HSCSD and MLS
.
 3G (3rd Generation)
 The 3G revolution allowed mobile telephone
customers to use audio, graphics and video
applications.
 Over 3G it is possible to watch streaming video and
engage in video telephony, although such activities
are severely constrained by network bottlenecks
and over-usage.
High-Speed 4G Mobile Networks
 The current generation of mobile telephony, 4G has
been developed with the aim of providing
transmission rates up to 20 Mbps while
simultaneously accommodating Quality of Service
(QoS) features.
 QoS will allow you and your telephone carrier to
prioritize traffic according to the type of application
using your bandwidth and adjust between your
different telephone needs at a moment's notice.
 Only now are we beginning to see the potential
of 4G applications. They are expected to include
high-performance streaming of multimedia content.