DOCTORAL SEMINAR-I

SUSTAINABLE AND CIRCULAR

ECONOMIC APPROACHES IN LIVESTOCK
WASTE MANAGEMENT: WASTE TO
WEALTH

Presented by: Anna Singh (PhD scholar)

Registration no : J-22-D-173-V
SUSTAINABLE AND CIRCULAR ECONOMY
A SUSTAINABLE ECONOMY is an interconnected
system that balances ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH,
SOCIAL EQUITY, AND ECONOMIC PROSPERITY,
ensuring present needs are met without compromising the
ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

The CIRCULAR ECONOMY (CBE) concept seeks to

replace the “TAKE, MAKE AND DISPOSE” model by
following the 3R’s of keeping the waste generated within
the system – waste materials are REDUCED,
RECYCLED, AND REMANUFACTURED.
Relations between bioeconomy, bio-based economy, green economy, and circular economy.
WHY DO WE NEED A SUSTAINABLE AND CIRCULAR BIOECONOMY???

https://www.iberdrola.com/sustainability/bioeconomy-what-is-it
LIVESTOCK WASTE

BEDDING FEED WASTE

MANURE MATERIAL RESIDUAL WATER

FEATHER, SLAUGHTER MEDICATION

DEAD HAIR, SKIN HOUSE AND CHEMICAL
ANIMAL SHEDDING WASTE RESIDUES

PACKAGING AND
SILAGE
MISCELLANEOUS
WASTE EFFLUENTS
LIVESTOCK WASTE DISPOSAL CONCERNS
ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION: Improper disposal of livestock waste can lead to contamination of soil and
water sources. Nutrients, bacteria, and pathogens from manure can seep into the ground, polluting groundwater and
affecting local ecosystems.

WATER CONTAMINATION: Runoff from farms containing animal waste can carry harmful substances such as
nitrogen, phosphorus, and pathogens into nearby rivers, lakes, and streams, causing water quality issues and
potentially harming aquatic life.

AIR QUALITY IMPACT: Livestock waste emits gases like ammonia, methane, and hydrogen sulfide, contributing
to air pollution. These gases can lead to respiratory issues and are also significant contributors to greenhouse gas
emissions, exacerbating climate change.

HEALTH RISKS: Exposure to untreated livestock waste can pose health risks to both animals and humans.
Pathogens like E. coli, Salmonella, and Cryptosporidium present in manure can cause diseases if not properly
managed.

ODOR CONCERNS: Improperly managed livestock waste generates foul odors, impacting the quality of life for
nearby residents and potentially affecting property values.
METHODS OF LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT
 Thumburmuzhy model: A Ferro
cement tank 4ft x 4ft x 4ft constructed
with concrete bricks with air holed
side. Six inch layers each of fresh cow
dung, dry leaves /straw, and organic
waste were layered over the base of
bin first layer acted as the bacterial
consortium, second layer act as the
carbon source, third layer is
comprised of carcass.
Poultry litter instead of being a problem of waste can and should be a source of energy and nutrients.
MANURE MANAGEMENT

• Improper disposal of animal waste is responsible for

SEVERAL ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS,
CAUSING EUTROPHICATION OF LAKES &
RIVERS, NUTRIENT OVERLOAD IN THE
SOIL, AND THE SPREAD OF PATHOGENIC
ORGANISMS.
• Still, ANIMAL WASTE CAN BE A VALUABLE
SOURCE OF RESOURCES if incorporated into a
circular concept.
• RECOVERY AND REUSE approach to be used.
• Potentials of manure management lies in:
• NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
RECOVERY
• ENERGY GENERATION
• HIGH-VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS
• WATER REUSE.
• The energy use ( WASTE TO ENERGY) of
NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM MANURE
It is essential to RECOVER AND RE-USE
NUTRIENTS FROM RAW OR DIGESTED
WASTES to REDUCE THE NEED FOR FOSSIL-
FUEL BASED FERTILIZERS.

CONVENTIONAL NUTRIENT RECOVERY

TECHNOLOGIES:
• Biological technologies
• Anaerobic digestion
• Bioleaching
• Biodrying/composting
• Physicochemical technologies
• Compaction
• Chemical amendments
• Thermochemical treatments
• Membrane filtration
• FREEZE CONCENTRATION (FC) is an emerging
technique that can be applied to recover water and
NUTRIENT RECOVERY FROM MANURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR SEVERAL REASONS:

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION:
1.Preventing Water Contamination: Prevent their runoff of N & P into water bodies, which can cause
eutrophication and harm aquatic ecosystems.
2.Reducing Soil Pollution: To prevent soil degradation and nutrient imbalance.

RESOURCE CONSERVATION:
3.Fertilizer Production: Recovered nutrients can be transformed into fertilizers, reducing the need for synthetic
fertilizers.
4.Circular Economy: Nutrient recovery promotes a circular economy by turning waste into valuable resources,
contributing to more sustainable agricultural practices.

ECONOMIC BENEFITS:
5.Cost Savings: Recovering nutrients from manure can reduce costs related to purchasing commercial fertilizers
while turning waste into a resource with economic value.
6.Value-added Products: Extracted nutrients can be processed into higher-value products like organic fertilizers
or bio-based materials, creating additional revenue streams for farmers.
MANURE AS BIOGAS (WASTE TO ENERGY)
While comparing the efficiency of the fixed dome and floating dome biogas plants, studies showed that gas losses are higher in a
floating dome type of digester, particularly when biogas was used to run a diesel engine. Fixed dome type of biogas plants has
lower biogas losses. Further, the cost of construction of the floating drum digesters are almost twice to that of fixed dome
type of digesters. In addition, the constructions of floating drum type of digesters require advanced technical skills in
operations and maintenance. This could be one POSSIBLE REASON FOR THE MORE POPULARITY OF FIXED DOME
DIGESTER compared to the floating drum digester
Pandey et al.,2022
BIOGAS PLANT IN J&K
J&K is primarily an agrarian UT. It has surplus biomass
availability which has tremendous potential for
utilization of the residues of these crops to generate
electricity/biogas/ bio-CNG/bio-manure/bio-fuels etc.
J&K’s 1st Gobardhan project under the Swachh Bharat Mission Grameen (SBM-G) in
Gagian village of R.S. Pura Block in Jammu District. It will benefit about 20-25
households. It would also provide gas for cooking meals in the
Government Anganwadi Centre of the village.
Union Territory of Jammu and Kashmir inaugurated its 2nd Gobardhan plant in
Chouhana Chak village of Jammu. The unit will provide clean cooking fuel to 20
households.
BIOGAS TO BIO-CNG

The low pollution gases emission of Bio-CNG

make this fuel more viable than biogas.

This biogas is a mixture of CH4, CO2, and H2S.

The purified biogas form is Bio-CNG, where all

the undesired gases are removed to achieve
greater than 95 % pure methane.

The purified biomethane product is then

pressurized and it is stored in high-pressure
cylinders.

End product (Bio-CNG) is now ready for use in

applications like cooking, housing power supply
and in automobile vehicles.
BIO-CNG POTENTIAL IN INDIA

• India holds substantial potential for bio-CNG production, particularly derived from various sources
such as MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE, WASTEWATER, AGRICULTURAL RESIDUE, AND
LIVESTOCK DUNG.

• INDIA CURRENTLY UTILIZES LESS THAN 2.5% OF ITS OVERALL BIO-CNG

POTENTIAL from municipal solid waste and wastewater energy alone.

• If properly harnessed, bio-CNG from these sources alone could SUBSTITUTE

APPROXIMATELY 4,000 TONNES OF INDIA’S DAILY DIESEL CONSUMPTION.

• Biogas potential from agricultural residue and livestock dung is estimated to be around 75
BILLION CUBIC METERS ANNUALLY, which translates to ROUGHLY 80,000 TONNES
OF BIO-CNG PER DAY and REPLACE ABOUT 50% OF THE CURRENT TOTAL
DIESEL USAGE in India's transport sector.

• This signifies a SIGNIFICANT REDUCTION IN DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL

IMPORTS and also underscores the SUBSTANTIAL ROLE BIO-CNG CAN PLAY IN
USE AS BIOCHAR
Biochar, a byproduct of the pyrolysis process, derived from nutrient-rich biomass feedstocks (e.g., cattle manure and
poultry litter) is one of these bio-products that has numerous applications, such as IMPROVING SOIL FERTILITY AND
CROP PRODUCTIVITY.

In stable, manure/slurry, biogas plant, composting, field, trees/forest and soil, biochar can improve processes, limit the emission of greenhouse
gases and create carbon sinks.
Increases (+) and decreases (-) are visualized as positive (green) or negative (red) effects.
HOW ELSE CAN BIOCHAR BE
APPLIED???

 Biochar has proven to IMPROVE THE

QUALITY OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS such as concrete or asphalt.

 It is widely used as a FODDER

ADDITIVE for animal health as for
cleansing of air and water.

 It helps REGULATING HUMIDITY,

ABSORBS TOXINS, fosters beneficial
microbial life.

 It REPLACES SCARCE RESOURCES https://www.biochar-industry.com/biochar/

MISCELLENOUS USES OF MANURE

B. COMPOST BEDDING: Readily available, renewable source, obtainable

in large quantities

A. BIO-OIL: Thermochemical conversion of biomass by pyrolysis. Used

as fuels in boilers, engines, and turbines for heat and power generation.

D. LIVESTOCK FISH INTEGRATION: Cow dung is commonly used C. PANCHAGAVYA

as a fertilizer for fishponds in India.
VARIOUS NATIONAL BIO ENERGY SCHEMES/PROGRAMMES IN INDIA

2. Programme on Energy from Urban, Industrial, Agricultural Wastes/ Residues

and Municipal Solid Waste. Waste to Energy & Biomass Gasifier project models
include BIOGAS AND BIOCNG /ENRICHEDBIOGAS/COMPRESSED BIO
GAS.

1. 'SATAT’ (Sustainable Alternative towards

Affordable Transportation) scheme on Compressed
Bio Gas (CBG) is under the umbrella scheme New
National Biogas and Manure Management
Programme (NNBOMP) 3. Biogas based Power Generation (Offgrid) and Thermal
Application Programme (BPGTP)
• GOBARDHAN INITIATIVE begins reaping good results & stimulating investments in biogas sector in india.
• Unified registration portal for Gobar Dhan witnesses avid enthusiasm from states/uts and cbg/biogas operators/investors.
• In just 60 days, over 100 under construction compressed biogas plants registered on the portal.
• Over 1200 biogas plants spread across 450 districts of the country registered on the portal so far.
• The latest budget has earmarked RS 10,000 CRORE UNDER THE GOBAR DHAN SCHEME for setting up 500 NEW ‘WASTE TO
WEALTH’ PLANTS to accelerate india’s clean energy transition.
• Some 200 compressed bio-gas (CBG) plants and 300 community and cluster-based plants are on the anvil. PIB, 2023
NDDB MRIDA Limited

• In the year 2018, NATIONAL DAIRY

DEVELOPMENT BOARD initiated the
work on cattle manure management and
came up with end to end ‘MANURE
VALUE CHAIN’ MODEL for small and
marginal dairy farmers of the country.
• In this value chain cattle manure is used to
PRODUCE BIOGAS which is used as fuel
for cooking in households or boiler in
industries and also converted into
power/bio-CNG .
• Slurry/digestate of these biogas plants is
applied as ORGANIC FERTILISER in
raw form or processed into value added
fertilisers as per need of soil and crops.
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE MANAGEMENT
WASTE GENERATED IN SLAUGHTERHOUSE

Alao et al.,2017
 CHALLENGES OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE
ENVIRONMENTAL CHALLENGES:
1.WASTE VOLUME: Slaughterhouses generate substantial amounts of organic waste, including blood, offal, and trimmings,
which can overwhelm waste management systems.
2.WATER POLLUTION: Disposal of slaughterhouse effluents into water bodies without proper treatment can lead to water
pollution, contaminating aquatic ecosystems with organic matter and pathogens.
3.GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS: Improper handling of organic waste in landfills or open dumping can release methane, a
potent greenhouse gas, contributing to climate change.
HEALTH AND SANITATION RISKS:
4.PATHOGEN SPREAD: Slaughterhouse waste contains pathogens, including bacteria and viruses, posing health risks to
workers, neighboring communities, and the environment if not managed properly.
5.ODOR AND NUISANCE: Improper disposal methods can lead to foul odors and attract pests, causing nuisances and potential
health hazards in nearby areas.
REGULATORY COMPLIANCE AND MANAGEMENT:
6.COMPLIANCE CHALLENGES: Meeting stringent environmental regulations and waste disposal standards requires
advanced waste management systems, which may be costly or technologically challenging for some facilities.
7.TECHNOLOGICAL LIMITATIONS: Effective treatment and disposal methods for slaughterhouse waste might require
specialized technologies that are not universally available or affordable.
RESOURCE RECOVERY AND UTILIZATION:
8.UNDERUTILIZATION OF BY-PRODUCTS: Slaughterhouse waste contains valuable by-products like fats, proteins, and
hides. However, the efficient recovery and utilization of these by-products pose logistical and economic challenges.
9.ECONOMIC VIABILITY: Developing cost-effective and sustainable ways to process waste into usable products or energy
sources can be a challenge for some facilities.
METHODS FOR PROCESSING, UTILISATION AND DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTES FROM SLAUGHTERHOUSE

WASTE CONSTITUENTS OF SH CATEGORY METHOD(S)

WASTES
Type I Vegetable matter such as Large BIOMETHANATION OR
IN
rumen, stomach and VESSEL COMOSTING
intestinal contents, dung, Medium BIOMETHANATION OR
agriculture residues, etc. IN
VESSEL COMOSTING
Small BIOMETHANATION OR
IN
VESSEL COMOSTING
Type II Animal matter such as Large RENDERING OR CPU
inedible offal, tissues, meat Medium RENDERING OR CPU
trimmings, waste and Small DEEP BURIAL
FACILITY
condemned meat, bones, etc.
PROVIDES BY
SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTEWATER: TREATMENT, MANAGEMENT AND RESOURCE RECOVERY

Layout of the pretreatment, treatment, and disinfection of slaughterhouse wastes for a typical meat processing plant.
USE OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE AS FERTILIZER

An organic fertilizer derived from recycled rural slaughterhouse wastes, namely ‘BOVINE-BLOOD–RUMEN-DIGESTA-MIXTURE’
(BBRDM)
BENFITS:
• Greater socio-economic advantage of applying BBRDM in commercial agriculture.
• Lower accumulation of nitrate/ nitrite in vegetables.
• Air–soil methane flux (0.008μg g−1 hr −1 in BBRDM-fertilized field) was approximately 1787 times lower than that emitted from the abattoir
waste dumping sites (14.30μg g−1 methane emissions per hour).
Bhunia et al.,
USE OF SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE AS ENERGY (BIO DIESEL)

BIOGAS AND BIODIESEL PRODUCTION are the two most effective processes for converting slaughterhouse waste to
energy.
 • It is estimated that 736 KILOTONS of
poultry slaughter waste is generated
annually, which could be utilized to
produce 112 million liters of biodiesel
by trans-esterifcation process (with
methanol as alcohol and KOH as
catalyst) with the production cost of
around Rs 3,17,089.55/liter.
• Thus, 30% of diesel in the transportation
field could be replaced with B2, i.e.,
98% diesel with 2% biodiesel or even
FLOW CHART OF STEPS INVOLVED IN THE BIODIESEL B20.
PRODUCTION FROM ANIMAL FAT WASTE
• The biodiesel can offer mileage of over
The recovery of value added products from slaughterhouses and 38 km/l at around 40% of the current
poultry wastes could pave a way for a country to become self- price of diesel and also it lowers
reliant (e.g., India’s mission AATMANIRBHAR BHARAT pollution levels to a great extent.
(self-reliant India) ), which will be highly helpful for the
country’s growth and economic development.
USE OF ANIMAL BLOOD
APPLICATION OF BLOOD FROM SLAUGHTERHOUSES AND ITS COMPOUNDS IN THE FORMULATION OF NOVEL FOODS
ANTIBIOTIC RESISTANCE GENES FROM LIVESTOCK WASTE: OCCURRENCE, DISSEMINATION, AND TREATMENT
Fig.: Abundance of selected ARGs in livestock waste versus in Fig.: Potential transfer pathways of ARGs from livestock waste to
other ARG reservoirs. human pathogens.

Y. He et al.,2020
Fig.: Critical research needs to mitigate public health risks of ARGs from livestock waste.
Efforts should focus on reducing in-farm ARG proliferation, mitigating ARG discharge and enhancing ARG attenuation and mitigating human
exposure.

Y. He et al.,2020
ECO ENTREPRENEURSHIP/ ECOPRENEURSHIP

• Ecopreneurship refers to a management philosophy whereby the business

efforts of the entrepreneurs are not just only motivated by profit, but also
by a concern for the environment. It is also called environmental
entrepreneurship and eco-capitalism.
• Eco-entrepreneurship in the livestock industry involves sustainable
practices that minimize environmental impact while maintaining
profitability.
Here are avenues for eco-friendly entrepreneurship in this sector:

• REGENERATIVE FARMING
• CARBON OFFSETTING AND SEQUESTRATION
• ALTERNATIVE FEEDS AND SUPPLEMENTS
• WASTE MANAGEMENT AND BIOGAS PRODUCTION
• TECHNOLOGY FOR EFFICIENCY AND MONITORING
• VERTICAL INTEGRATION AND TRACEABILITY
• EDUCATION AND CONSULTING
"A PICTORIAL SHOWCASE: TRANSFORMING COW DUNG INTO VALUABLE ASSETS"

BIO GAS PLANT VERMICOMPOST COW DUNG LOGS AND CAKES FOR CREMATORIUM
REPLACING NATURAL WOOD

WALL CLOCKS AND FLOWER POTS REPLACING INCENSE ECO–FRIENDLY PRAKRITIK PAINT
OTHER SHOW PIECES PLASTIC POTS STICKS LAMPS
MONETIZATION OF COW DUNG
Under SUKHET PROJECT, garbage and dung from houses are collected door-to-door and then
converted into VERMICOMPOST (organic manure).

Unique solution of sustainable nature

was conceptualized to achieve the four
objectives:
(i) Rural sanitation by collecting
household waste from door to
door
(ii) Economic utilization of Agro
waste viz., Crop waste, water
hyacinth, etc.
(iii)Monetizing cow dung to pay for
LPG refilling
(iv) Creating employment
opportunities at village itself.

MONETIZATION OF COW DUNG: A NOVEL INITIATIVE OF RPCAU

(SUKHET MODEL)
This will fulfill the objectives of SWACHHATA ABHIYAN, PM UJJAWALA YOJNA, MGNREGA AND NATIONAL
MISSION ON ORGANIC FARMING as well as National Mission on Sustainable Agriculture.
https://www.outlookindia.com/website/story/monetization-of-cow-dung-a-novel-initiative-of-rpcau/390483
 A DARING DOZEN CREATES A ZERO-MODEL TURNING WASTE TO WEALTH
Zero-Model, is a tested, fully sustainable, place-based, and
most importantly, climate-adaptive, renewable-resource
circular-economy solution.

 Reducing the cost of production by more than one-

third.
 Pushing energy costs down to an unbelievable zero.
 Met the nutrition needs of the farmer families
 Provided fodder for their cattle.
 Catered to their energy & fuel requirements.
 Generated organic nutrients to grow crops without
chemicals

CAPACITY BUILDING, RURAL

ENTREPRENEURSHIP, AND GREENHOUSE GAS
(GHG) MITIGATION can be achieved in a single shot.

Zero Model is adoptive as it improves self-resilience and

mitigative due to its potential to curb GHG emission.

The compactness of the BALAGARH ZERO-MODEL https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/daring-dozen-creates-zero-model-turning-waste-wealth-abhijit-roy

makes it an ideal innovative solution for the smallholder.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY IN THE MEAT
INDUSTRY
JOHN ABRAHAM, a veterinary doctor turned inventor from
Kerala, has invented biodiesel from slaughtered broiler
chicken waste and dead poultry birds. According to him 100 kg
of slaughtered chicken waste can produce 1 liter of biodiesel. He
got a patent for this.

Meat delivery startups like EASYMEAT.IN, FRESHTOHOME,

AND ZAPPFRESH are working towards managing meat waste
by providing fresh meat leftovers to restaurants and homeless
people, recycling of the inedible by-products to produce organic
manure and installation of analytics software to forecast orders in
order to minimize waste.

Meat processing industries like HMA Agro Industries Private Ltd ,

is using the animal by- products in making food supplements and
pet food.
MAKING CHICKEN FEATHERS A SOURCE OF BUSINESS
• Mudita & Radhesh Pvt Ltd are working to convert waste to
value.
• It collects butchered chicken waste and process it to create
fabric.
• The chicken waste which would otherwise end up in rivers and
landfills is collected by the organization and after 26
sanitization processes it is pulped and spun into yarn.
• This yarn is given to tribal women who have been trained by
the organisation to convert the yarn into handloom products
like running Cloth, Quilt, Shawls, Jackets, Embroidery, Mudita and Radhesh Srivastava, co-founded Khanak Design Studio in 2018
Stoles, and Mufflers.
• It has managed to recycle 500 tons of chicken butchery waste
in 3 years and has provided livelihood to over 200 tribal
women by paying over 20 times over average.
• Besides this over 375 semi and unskilled workers have also
benefitted from working in the organisations operations.
• The organisation is reducing carbon footprint and contributing
to cleaner rivers since data shows that 15% of pollution in
rivers is caused by chicken waste.
• The fibre has been recognised as the 6th natural fibre and is
seen to be warmer and softer than existing man made fibres.
GOBHARSHAKTI

https://gobarhastkrati.com/
GUJARAT-BASED STARTUP SHOWS SPEEDY WAY TO TURN WASTE INTO WEATLTH

A startup that has been incubated by Anand-based

Directorate of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
Research (DMAPR) developed an ORGANIC
WASTE DECOMPOSER expediting the organic
waste decomposition.

The organic waste, which is generated in bulk in

various farms and at homes in the country, will be
decomposed faster.

A regular organic waste requires a few months for

decomposition. However, this new multi-purpose
DECOMPOSER TRANSFORMS ORGANIC
WASTE INTO MANURE IN A SPAN OF JUST 45
DAYS and at a lower cost.
IN INDIA, SEVERAL OTHER ECO-ENTREPRENEURS HAVE MADE NOTABLE CONTRIBUTIONS IN THE
REALM OF ANIMAL WELFARE, SUSTAINABLE AGRICULTURE, AND ECO-FRIENDLY PRACTICES RELATED
TO ANIMALS. SOME NOTABLE EXAMPLES:

Founded by Mansukhbhai Prajapati, Mitticool's

Founder Sagar Daryani and Binod
Founder Kushal Nahata, Kumar Homagai, focuses on organic
promoting organic and sustainable
and sustainable practices in animal
farming practices. husbandry and agriculture.
Founder Abhishek Jani, work
toward fair practices in agriculture,
including animal husbandry within a
broader sustainable framework.
products range from refrigerators, cookware, water
filters, and even toys, all made from a unique blend of
clay and cow dung.

KVIC Introduced eco-friendly, non-toxic, and natural paints called

Founder of SJ ORGANICS VERMICOMPOST, "KHADI PRAKRITIK PAINTS." These paints are made from natural
Indian startup that assists small farmers in running a successful agritech-based startup of ingredients like cow dung, vegetable oil, and natural pigments.
adopting sustainable practices. producing vermicompost
DUNG AND URINE-BASED
ENTREPRENEURIAL
VENTURE can be developed
into a MODEL TRAINING
CENTRE where interested
entrepreneurs from all over
India can come and LEARN
ALL THE DUNG AND
URINE-BASED PRODUCTS
MANUFACTURING AT A
SINGLE PLACE.
 .
From Waste to Wealth, Energy & Green Jobs
(a PPP Model)
 Urban areas of Gandhi Nagar , Shastri Nagar, Nanak Nagar, Sanjay Nagar and surroundings has

•
around 150 dairy farms having 15 dairy animals on an average. No doubt, these farms are very important

creating nuisance in the surrounding by dumping useful cattle dung in the colony drainage system .
for the people residing in the area as they get fresh milk daily but on the other hand, these dairies are also

which is already overloaded with household waste leading to silting of gutter, microbial contamination,
foul smell, polluting water channels and flooding in rainy days leading to water logging of colonies, which
causes great difficulty to common people.
 This daily dumping of cattle dung is because of shortage of adequate space for even temporary storage of
dung in all the urban dairies.
•
 Solution is to procure these wasted dungs from urban dairies and make useful eco friendly products,
thereby enhancing producers income , employment generation and sustainable agriculture and
livestock development.
 According to a 2014 ILO study, the productive use of dung could support 2 million green and decent
jobs nationally. For the farmer, there is a significant potential of greater income from the sale of cow dung.
The study also reports that the value of one kg of cow dung multiplies over 10 times, depending on
whether the end product is fresh dung (sale price of Rs 0.13) or as input for a one megawatt biogas
plant along with compost output (Rs 1.6).
 A buffalo/cow produces 30 kg dung per day which is equivalent to 3 litres of oil.(ILO,Study)
Solution:
 As these urban dairy farmers don’t have even temporary storage space for cattle
dung, the proposed venture idea aims to collect near about 60-65,000 Kg of cattle
dung waste daily (around 400 Kg cattle dung from a single dairy farm) from the
doorsteps of dairy farmers on payment basis.
 The collected dung will be dumped at a place away from the urban dwellings.
Further, a part of the cattle dung will be processed for bio-gas which may be used
by JKMPCL (Dairy Cooperative) at Satwari for running their boiler plant and by other
such industries on demand basis.
 The remaining cattle dung and the huge quantity of slurry obtained from bio-gas
plant will be used for making vermi-compost, crematorium logs, eco –friendly
lamps, idols during Navratras, Ganesh Chaturthi , flower pots, bio-pesticides, bio-
fertilizer, cow dung cake etc on large scale basis which will be commercially viable.
 VERMICOMPOST
1. Nurseries
2.Kitchen garden
3.Backyard farming
4.Vertical farming
5.Large scale Organic farming
BIO/GOBAR GAS
1.Running boiler plants of
GOBAR /BIOGAS PLANT ECO FRIENDLY LAMPS milk processing units and
running of commercial dairy
farms
CATTLE DUNG LOGS
1.Replacing wood logs in
crematoriums
2.As a fuel
PRAKARTIK PAINT
CATTLE DUNG LOGS VERMICOMPOST 1.Eco friendly paint-replacing
COW DUNG HEAP synthetic paints
ECO-FRIENDLY
PRODUCTS:
1.Lamps, diyas
2.Flower pots
3.Incense sticks

FLOWER POTS ECO FRIENDLY PAINT

DAIRY FARMERS
OF URBAN RAW MARKETIN
PRODUCTS
AREAS MATERIALS G

PROPOSED BUSINESS MODEL

TEAM LEADER
DR. PRANAV KUMAR (Assistant Professor, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and
Animal Husbandry, RS Pura, SKUAST-Jammu )- as team leader, idea generator, teacher
and mentor

TEAM MEMBERS
DR. MANINDER SINGH (Research student,)- an excellent surveyor and will help in
liaisoning and marketing

MR. ABINEESH KHAJURIA- A PROGRESSIVE DAIRY FARMER –AN

ENTREPRENEUR- will work as Dung Contractor and will provide land away from
the urban area for collection of cattle dung as well as production of bio-gas, vermi-
compost and other eco-friendly products

Mr. Manoj Kumar (CEO, JKMPCL Dairy cooperative, Satwari)- Boiler plants of
milk processing unit at Satwari, will be main consumer of gobar/bio-gas produced from
bio-gas plants and he will also help in procurement of cow dung from the farmers who
wish to sell as he has good network of dairy cooperative society members.

Proposed External Advisors(if any) : IIT Jammu , MITTICOOL (SOUL OF THE SOIL),
KVIC
Develop this proposed venture into a model training centre where interested
entrepreneur from all over India can come and learn all the dung and urine
based products enterprises at a single place on payment basis .

Tourists and devotees coming to J&K can have this unique facility of
training in Jammu at a progressive dairy farmers field with technical support
and guidance from SKUAST Jammu and IIT Jammu .

This training center will also engage in further research and development in
dung and urine based products .
ROLE OF ICT IN TRANSFORMING WASTE TO WEALTH
MOBILE APPS FOR ORGANIC WASTE MANAGEMENT
CONCLUSION

1.SUSTAINABLE LIVESTOCK WASTE MANAGEMENT: By employing strategies like anaerobic digestion,

composting, and nutrient recovery, we can transform waste into valuable resources while reducing environmental
impact.

2.CIRCULAR ECONOMIC PRINCIPLES: Embracing circular economy practices, such as resource recovery, product
diversification, and closed-loop systems, maximizes resource efficiency and minimizes waste generation.

3.FROM WASTE TO WEALTH: Transforming livestock waste into valuable resources through sustainable practices
unlocks economic opportunities while mitigating environmental impact.

4.COLLECTIVE ACTION FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE: Collaboration among stakeholders—farmers,

policymakers, researchers, and innovators—is vital to drive innovation, implement sustainable practices, and create a more
resilient and eco-friendly livestock industry.

5.TOWARDS A GREENER TOMORROW: Embracing these sustainable and circular economic approaches isn’t just
about managing waste—it’s about reshaping our relationship with resources, fostering resilience, and paving the way
for a more sustainable future for both agriculture and the planet.

6.RESEARCH AVENUES: CIRCULAR ECONOMY is an emerging topic and can help the sector reduce greenhouse
gas emissions. ANAEROBIC DIGESTION is the leading research topic, due to the energetic recovery of waste, with
the generation of biogas, a versatile gas capable of replacing fossil fuels, which is of extreme importance in the current
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