SOIL SCIENCE

ASSIGNMENT
GROUP- A
FROM –
1.AASHWANI BHADU
2.ABHISHEK
3.ABHISHEK SIHAG
4.AJAY
5.AJAY SINGH
6.AKHILESH KUMAR MEHLA
 COLLECTION OF
ORGANIC MANURE
 Introduction
Organic manures are natural products used by farmers to enhanced
sustainable crop production.

There are a number of organic manures like farm yard manure, green
manures, compost prepared from crop residues and other farm wastes,
vermicompost, oil cakes, and biological wastes - animal bones, slaughter
house refuse.

Organic manures are natural products used by farmers to

provide food (plant nutrients) for the crop plants.

There are a number of organic manures like farm yard

manure, green manures, compost prepared from crop
residues and other farm wastes, vermicompost, oil
cakes, and biological wastes - animal bones, slaughter
house refuse.
 Benefits of Organic Manures

• Organic manures increase the organic matter in the

soil.
• Organic matter in turn releases the plant food in
available form for the use of crops.
• Organic manures should not be seen only as carriers
of plant food.
• These manures also enable a soil to hold more water
and also help to improve the drainage in clay soils.
• They provide organic acids that help to dissolve soil
nutrients and make them available for the plants.
 Types of Organic Manures

1. Farm yard manure (FYM)

2. Green manures
3. Crop residues
4. Compost
5. Home compost
6. Concentrated organic manures of cotton seed
7. Concentrated organic manures of mustard
8. Goat manure
9. Coco peat
10. Poultry manure
 1. Farm yard Manure

• Farm yard Manure is prepared basically using cow dung,

cow urine, waste straw and other dairy wastes.
• It is highly useful and some of its properties are
 FYM is rich in nutrients

 When cow dung and urine are mixed, a

balanced nutrition is made available to the
plants.

 Availability of Potassium and Phosphorus from

FYM is similar to that from inorganic sources.

 Application of FYM improves soil fertility.

Nutritional Status of FYM (%)

Nitrogen 0.5000
Phosphorus 0.2500
Potassium 0.4000
Calcium 0.0800
Sulfur 0.0200
Zinc 0.0040
Copper 0.0003
Manganese 0.0070
Iron 0.4500
 2. Green Manures

• India has changed from a region of food scarcity to food

sufficiency by increased fertilizer use with subsidized prices, but
use of organic manures including green manure, declined
substantially.

• Inorganic fertilizers are becoming more expensive, therefore

sustainability of soil productivity has become a question.
.
• Hence, alternate sources to supplement inorganic fertilizers are
thought.

• Green manuring are low cost and effective technology in minimizing

cost of fertilizers and safeguarding productivity.
Cont.
 Green Manure Crops
DHAINCHA MANILA AGATHI
(Sesbania aculeata) (Sesbania rostrata)
 NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

PLANT N P K

SUNHEMP 2.30 0.50 1.80

DHAINCHA 3.50 0.60 1.20

SESBANIA 2.71 0.53 2.21

 3. Crop Residues

• Crop residues are the non-economic plant parts that are

left in the field after harvest.
• The harvest refuses include straws, stubble, Stover and
haulms of different crops.
• Crop remains are also from thrashing sheds or that are
discarded during crop processing.

Cont.
 NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

PLANT N P K

WHEAT 3.0 0.2 7.8

OAT 5.9 0.6 23.3

BARLEY 4.6 0.4 14.5

 4. VermiCompost

• Vermicompost is an organic manure

(bio-fertilizer) produced as the
vermicast by earth worm feeding on
biological waste material; plant
residues.
• This compost is an odorless, clean,
organic material containing adequate
quantities of N, P, K and several
micronutrients essential for plant
Cont.
growth.
 NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

N P K
3.0 1.0 1.5
5. Home Compost

• Home composting is the process of

using household waste to
make compost at home.
Composting is
the biological decomposition
of organic waste by recycling food
and other organic
materials into compost. Home
composting can be practiced
within households for various
environmental advantages, such as
increasing soil fertility,
reduce landfill and methane
contribution, and limit food waste.
 NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

N P K
1.4 1.0 1.4
 6. Concentrated Organic Manures of Cotton
Seed

• When kapas is ginned, the lint and seed get separated. When
cottonseed is crushed for the extraction of oil, the by-product
which remains after extraction of oil is called CottonSeed Oil
Cake or Kapasia Khali in Hindi. This is mainly used as cattle
feed. Cotton seed oil cake fresh production starts after the
cotton arrivals in different regions of India.

Cont.
Oilcakes need to be well powdered before application for even
distribution and quicker decomposition.
 Average Nutrient Content of Oil Cakes

Oil-cakes Nutrient content (%)

N P2O5 K2 O
Cotton seed cake 3.9 1.8 1.6
Castor cake 4.3 1.8 1.3
Mahua cake 2.5 0.8 1.2
cake 19 3.9 0.9 1.2

Cont.
 7. Concentrated Organic Manures of Mustard

Mustard cake is the residue left over from commercial mustard

oil or meal production. Mustard cake is widely used as a fertilizer
for flowering and vegetable plants. Mustard oil cake fertilizer is
very rich in protein. It provides many micro nutrients to your
garden plants. It also prevents many diseases and make your
garden plants very healthy. You can use the mustard oil cake
fertilizer for flowering plants, vegetable plants etc... Please do
not use the product for food purposes. The product is being
supplied only for gardening purposes.

Cont.
NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

N P K
5.2 1.8 1.2
 8. Goat Manure

Goat manure is virtually odorless and is beneficial for the soil.

This manure contains adequate amounts of the nutrients that
plants need for optimal growth, especially when the goats have
bed in stalls. As urine collects in goat droppings, the manure
retains more nitrogen, thus increasing its fertilizing potency.
However, this increase in nitrogen usually requires composting
prior to use.

Cont.
NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

N P K
2.23 1.24 3.69
 9. Coco Peat

Coco Peat is the non-fibrous, spongy, light weight, corky material

that holds together the coir fiber in coconut husk. It was in early
90’s that the horticultural use of coco peat was discovered and
the material demand has been in the rise ever since. Globally
known by the name Coco Peat, they are also known as Coco Coir
in the US and Coir Pith in the Middle-East. It is a 100% organic,
natural and bio-degradable substance which was the by-product
of Coconut Fiber Extraction process, but not any more. It is now
the co-product of coconut fiber extraction process.

Cont.
NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

N P K
0.41 0.81 1.32
 10. Poultry Manure

Chicken manure is the feces of chickens used as

an organic fertilizer, especially for soil low in nitrogen. Of
all animal manures, it has the highest amount of
nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. Chicken manure is
sometimes pelletized for use as a fertilizer, and this
product may have additional phosphorus, potassium or
nitrogen added.Optimal storage conditions for chicken
manure include keeping it in a covered area and retaining
its liquid, because a significant amount of nitrogen exists
in the urine.

Cont.
NUTRIENT CONTENT (%)

N P K
3.8 1.5 1.7