Forest

Ecosystem
A world within the woods.
In this ppt we will learn about:
• What is a forest ecosystem.

• Different types of Indian forest ecosystems present.

• Case study of Indian Tropical rainforests and the

analyze the types of biotic, abiotic
resources present here.

• Food chain/web in a forest ecosystem.

• Threats of different sorts.

• Conservational efforts made by the people and

government.
 • Basically, a forest ecosystem is a functional unit
or a system which comprises of soil, trees,

What is a forest
insects, animals, birds, and man as its interacting
units.

ecosystem ? • A forest is a large and complex ecosystem and

hence has greater species diversity.

• Also, it is much more stable and resistant to the

detrimental changes as compared to the small
ecosystems such as wetlands and grasslands.
 Different types of forest
ecosystems present in India:
Indian forests perform an important role to make a healthy environment and it reduce air
pollutions. Near about 19.26% of total Indian areas are covered with forest. These forests can
be classified in five major groups namely:

1. Moist tropical forest: Where the amount of annual rainfall ranges between 200 and 250 cm,
the mean annual temperature lies between 24 and 27 and humidity percentage is 80.

2. Dry tropical forest: This types of forests mainly found in Indian Northern Hilly regions and
some states of Southern India. Basically, these forests are generated where average annual
rainfall ranges varies from 51 cm to 151.

3. Montane temperate forest: These types of forests are mainly generated in Northern middle
Himalayas ranges (1801 to 3001 m) and Southern Niligiri higher Mountain ranges. It takes
about 201 cm average annual rainfalls to produce these types of forests.

4. Montane sub tropical forest: These types of forests mainly generated in the state of Assam,
Nagaland, Mizoram, Meghalaya, Manipur, Arunachal Pradesh, etc. mountain ranges of
Western Ghats are also the abode of these types' forests.

5. Alpine forest: These grasslands start at an elevation of above 3000 m grow up to the region
just below the snowline. Low alpine grasslands are common with the vegetation not growing
higher than 1.5m.
 Case Study
Indian Tropical Forests
Indian Forests
Cover
Map
 Geography
Tropical forests of Western Ghats are located between 73°E to
74°E Longitude and 15°30'N to 20°30′N Latitude, at an
elevation from 0 to 1400 m above the sea level.

They receive annual rainfall from 2000 to 7000 mm but

experience 7-8 months' prolonged dry season.
Climatically these have hot and humid climate

Three main forest types - tall evergreen, stunted evergreen and

deciduous
 • Some of the commercially important trees of this forest are ebony, mahogany,
rosewood, rubber and cinchona.

Biotic components: • The common animals found in these forests are elephants, monkey, lemur and deer.

• The one-horned rhinoceroses are found in the jungles of Assam and West Bengal.

Flora and Fauna • Besides these animals, plenty of birds, bats, sloth, scorpions and snails are also
found in these jungles.
 Abiotic components

Sunlight Topography Water

Rainfall Temperature Soil

Food Web
As we all know that
food web is nothing
but a concoction of
different food chains.
Here we can see a
forest food web .
 • Deforestation: Cutting down trees on a
Threats to our forest very large basis

ecosystem • Natural disasters and disturbances:

Forest fires, lightening, hurricanes, etc
• Industrialisation: More population leads
to more demand of resources and hence
more forest degradation.
• Illegal activities: like hunting and
poaching cause a threat to the fauna of
the forests.
 • Chipko Movement or Chipko Andolan: A nonviolent social and
ecological movement by rural villagers, particularly women, in
Steps taken up by the people India in the 1970s, aimed at protecting trees and forests slated for
government-backed logging.
and government:
• In order to increase the forest and tree cover and improve the
quality of existing forest, afforestation in the country is taken up
under various Centrally Sponsored Schemes such as National
Afforestation Programme (NAP), National Bamboo Mission
(NBM) and under Compensatory Afforestation Fund
Management and Planning Authority (CAMPA).

• The Ministry has also released funds to the tune of Rs.4994.55

lakhs and 1265.50 lakhs to the states in the financial year 2012-13
and 2013-14 for preparatory activities for implementation of
Green India Mission. The activities undertaken by the State
Governments under preparatory phase include institutional
strengthening, training, identification of landscapes and
preparation of Perspective Plan for implementation of Green
India Mission.
 The Conclusion
Overall, in this ppt we have learnt
about various Indian forest systems,
and also different threats and steps to
conserve them, but as being a
responsible citizen it is our profound
duty to save, preserve and protect
such masterpieces of nature which
we call as Forests........
 Presented by
Aditya Arora
SID: 22102063
Sources:
• https://pib.gov.in/newsite/PrintRelease.asp
x?relid=124457

• https://www.researchgate.net/publication/2
59452416_Effect_of_abiotic_factors_on_
understory_community_structures_in_moi
st_deciduous_forests_of_northern_India

• https://brainly.in/question/42544677