QUANTITATIVE

RESEARCH
PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2
WHAT IS
QUANTITATIVE
RESEARCH?
QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH...
It is “explaining phenomenon by collecting
numerical data that are analyzed using
mathematically based methods in particular
statistics. Aliaga and Gunderson (2000)
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Objective. Quantitative research seeks
accurate measurement and analysis.

• Clearly Defined Research Questions.

The research questions are well-
defined for which objective answers
are sought.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Structured Research Instruments. Data
are normally gathered using structured
research tools to collect measurable
characteristics of the population like
age, socio-economic status, educational
status, number of children, among
others.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Numerical Data. Data are in the form of
numbers and statistics, often organized and
presented using figures, tables, graphs, and
charts that consolidate large numbers of
data.

• Large Sample Sizes. To arrive at a more

reliable data analysis, a normal population
distribution is preferred.
CHARACTERISTICS:
• Replication. Reliable quantitative studies can
be repeated to verify or confirm the
correctness of the results in another setting.

• Future Outcomes. By using complex

mathematical calculations and with the aid
of computers.
 STRENGTHS
• It is objective.
• Bigger number of the sample of a
population.
• The numerical data can be analyzed in
a quick and easy way.
• Quantitative studies are replicable.
 STRENGTHS
• Quantitative experiments filter out
external factors.
• Quantitative experiments are useful
for testing the results gained by a
series of qualitative experiments.
WEAKNESSES

• Costly
• Difficult and time-consuming
• Requires extensive statistical treatment
• Stringent standards
WEAKNESSES
• Quantitative methods also tend out to turn
out only proved or unproven results,
leaving a little room for uncertainty, or grey
areas.
• Quantitative research requires a large
number of respondents.
NOTE:

• For the social sciences, education,

anthropology and psychology, human
nature is a lot more complex than just
a simple yes or no response.
KINDS OF
Q U A N T I TAT I V E
RESEARCH
DESIGNS
1.Descriptive Research
2.Experimental Research
3.Survey Research
4.Correlational Research
5.Causal-Comparative Research
Descriptive Research

• Aims to define the existing conditions of

a classified variable.
• Concerned with describing the nature,
characteristics and components of the
population or a phenomenon.
• Designed to give “answers to the
questions of who, what, when, where,
and how”.
EXAMPLES:

1. A Description of How Senior High School

Students Celebrate Their Birthdays.
2. A Description of How Parents Feel about the
K to 12 Curriculum
3. A Description of The Youth’s Perception of
the 2016 Elections
EXAMPLES:
1. A Description of The Attitudes Of Women’s
Groups Toward Rodrigo Duterte’s joke about
an Australian Rape Victim
2. How many hours senior high school
students spend in social media
3. The number of malnourished students who
failed in the achievement test
 CORRELATIONAL RESEARCH
• Tries to define the degree of relationship
between two or more variables using
statistical data.
• Seeks to interpret the relationships between
and among a number of facts.
• Distinguishes tendencies and patterns in data,
but it does not go so far in its analysis to
prove causes for these observed patterns.
 EXAMPLES:
1. The relationship between successful career
and educational attainment
2. The relationship between high grades ad
having tutors
3. The relationship between entrance exam
results and attendance in review centers
4. The relationship between smoking and
tuberculosis
SURVEY RESEARCH
• A survey is intended to acquire
information from people concerning
the predominance, distribution, and
interrelations of variables within the
identified group of people.
• Done to gather evidence on people’s
knowledge, opinions, attitudes, and
values on various issue and concern.
SURVEY RESEARCH
• Surveys are inclined for collecting data
that are mainly quantitative. (Bryman
2018, 165)
EXAMPLES:
1. Voter Preferences
2. Consumer coping behavior
3. Survey on Sexual violence against
women and girls in Quezon city
4. Metro Manila survey of adolescence on
health
EXAMPLES:

1. ASEAN business outlook survey

2. Survey of ASEAN employers on skills
and competitiveness
 CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE/QUASI-
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
• Endeavors to ascertain cause-effect
relationships among variables.
 CAUSAL-COMPARATIVE/QUASI
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH
Very similar to true experiments but with key
dissimilarities such as (1) an independent
variable is identified but not manipulated, and
(2) the effects of the independent variables on
the dependent variables are measured.
 EXAMPLES:
1.Effects of studying in Catholic schools
on the moral value system of those
who graduate from public schools
2.Effects of exercising regularly to body
fitness
3.Effects of gender on college course
choices
 EXAMPLES:
1.Effects of good family upbringing to
good performance in class
2.Effects of belonging to a Christian
living organization on student’s
religiosity
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

• Termed as “true experimentation”

• Applies the scientific method to prove
“the cause-effect relationship among a
group of variables that make up a
study.”
EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

• True experiment is also considered as

“laboratory study” (Except for Social
Sciences Studies).
EXAMPLES:
1.Effects of counseling and medical
treatment on alcoholism
2.Effects of support groups on smoking
3.Effects of positive reinforcement on
one’s attitude to excel in school
EXAMPLES:
1. Effects of peer counseling and support
group on a student’s emotional condition
2. Efficacy of Adelfa plant as Larvicidal
3. Increasing Blood Platelets using Camote
tops
4. Effectiveness of Ashcrete as substitute for
Hollow blocks
 ACTIVITY
1. Find your pair.
2. Tackle with your pair at least one (1) of these
topics:
a. Poverty
b. Unemployment
c. Same-sex Marriage
d. Drug Addiction
e. Divorce
 ACTIVITY
3. In a piece of paper, construct a table like the
one below to process your conversation:
TOPIC WHAT? WHO? WHY?
Put the Put the Put the Write the
chosen facts that people reasons
topic here. you and involved in why the
your the issue chosen
partner you chose? issue/
talked topic
 ACTIVITY
4. After completing the table, answer the
following questions:
a. What made the topic you chose
interesting?
b. Are the information you put in the table
realistic? How did you come up with those data?
c. Do you think your personal preference
affected the data you put into the table? Justify
your answer.
 ACTIVITY
BIG QUESTION!!!

Why will you consider quantitative research in

investigating your field of interest? Jutify.
END OF FIRST
COMPETENCY
P R E PA R E F O R Q U I Z