1.

Definition
• The ability of the organism to resist certain diseases as well as foreign
substances and cells.
• Immunity is innate and acquired.
1.2. Innate immunity
• Carried out with the participation of the skin and the mucosa of the
internal organs
• The mother passes it to the foetus during pregnancy and with the
breast milk
1.3. Acquired immunity
• It appears during the individual development as a response to
bacteria and viruses
• In acquired immunity, the immune system ‘memorizes’ a certain
antigen. When it invades the body again, there is an immediate
immune reaction. This is called immune memory.
• Acquired immunity is natural and artificial.
2. Vaccination
• A vaccine contains antigens (live and weakened or dead pathogens,
parts of pathogens or their products), that cause the production of
antibodies.
• The first vaccine was created by Edward Jenner in 1796. It was against
smallpox.

• In 1885 Louis Pasteur created a vaccine against rabies.

3. Allergies
• Allergy is hypersensitivity of the organism to certain environmental
factors called allergens, such as chemical substances, medications,
foods, insect poisons, pollen, bacteria, fungi, low temperature, sun
rays, etc.