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Memory Power Point
Memory Power Point
Memory Power Point
Sensory memory, short tem memory (STM) and long term memory (LTM)
Information retained is assumed to be the exact copy of its original form (raw
sensory form rather than encoded form).
Stores sensory impressions long enough for each impression long enough for each
impression to slightly over lap the next. This helps ensure that we perceive the
world around us as continuous rather than as a series as disconnected visual images
or disjointed sounds.
Pen example
There are two types of Sensory Memory
1. Iconic Memory
2. Echoic Memory
Iconic Memory
The brief sensory memory for incoming visual information
1. Prevents the person from being overwhelmed by all the different visual and
auditory stimuli. All this information cannot be processed at once.
CAPACITY:
5-9 items
7 + - 2 items
STM AKA ‘Working Memory.’ Why?
STM is also referred to as ‘Working memory.’
This is to emphasise the active processing and use of information that occurs
there.
Our working memory enables us to actively work on and manipulate information
while we undertake everyday tasks.
Information from Sensory Memory is processed in ‘working memory (STM)
Information is retrieved from long term memory to be used an manipulated in
working memory
EXAMPLE – calculate the following: 17+5+12
Working memory provides a temporary storage facility and mental workspace
for information currently being used in some conscious cognitive activity.
Information only remain in working memory while we consciously process
examine or manipulate it. Once task has been achieved, the information stored
there is no long required and will either be stored in LTM or discarded.
LONG TERM MEMORY
LONG TERM MEMORY
Classically
Episodic Memory Procedural memory conditioned memory
Semantic Memory
Personal Experiences (Motor skills and (Conditioned
Facts and Knowledge
and events actions) response to
conditioned stimuli)
Long Term Memory
Memories associated with a time (when) and Facts do not depend on time and place
place (where)
Context
Influenced by psychological and physiological Not as influenced by the state of the person
state of the person when event occurred when the information was learnt
(unique to the individual) (knowledge not unique to the individual)
State
E.g. How you felt when going to the dentist E.g. Times tables
Episodic and semantic systems often work together to form new memories
Procedural Memory
‘Implicit’
Implicit- does not involve intentional or conscious retrieval
Automatic- without awareness of processing