CRYPTOGRAPHY

What is Cryptography?
• Cryptography derived its name from a Greek word called “krypto’s”
which means “Hidden Secrets”.
• Cryptography is the practice and study of hiding information. It is the
Art or Science of converting a plain intelligible data into an
unintelligible data and again retransforming that message into its
original form.
• It provides Confidentiality, Integrity, and Accuracy.
 PURPOSE OF CRYPTOGRAPHY
• Authentication: The process of proving one's identity. (The primary
forms of host-to-host authentication on the Internet today are name-
based or address-based, both of which are notoriously weak.)
• Privacy/confidentiality: Ensuring that no one can read the message
except the intended receiver.
• Integrity: Assuring the receiver that the received message has not
been altered in any way from the original.
• Non-repudiation: A mechanism to prove that the sender really sent
this message.
CAESAR CIPHER
• The Caesar cipher is the first cryptosystem used by Julius
Caesar in sending messages to his troops. The process is to
assign each letter of the English Alphabet by numbers from 0 to
25 that is A corresponds to 0, B corresponds 1, C corresponds 2
and so on. For example, to encrypt a message, replace a letter
of the message in position k by a letter in position (k+13). And
so, A will be replaced by N (0+13), B will be replaced by O
(1+13), and so on. See the table below.
 PLAINTEXT
A B C D E F G H I J K L M

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
 CIPHER TEXT
13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25

N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
 How messages are sent?
• First, the sender composes a message or information which will
be intends to transmit to a receiver, called a plaintext.
• Second, the message is converted coded form called
encryption.
• Third, the coded message is sent to the receiver. The coded
message is called ciphertext.
• Finally, the message is converted back to plaintext. The process
of decoding is called decryption.
 Example
Encrypt the message I LOVE CRYPTOLOGY.
Solution
Message I LOVE CRYPTOLOGY

Replace the letters of the message V YBIR PELCGBYBTL

(plaintext) into ciphertext as shown
in the table below.
 Example 2
Decrypt the message “QB ABG BCRA GUVF SVYR”.
Solution

Message QB ABG BCRA GUVF SVYR

Replace the letters of the message DO NOT OPEN THIS FILE

(ciphertext) into plaintext as shown
in the table below.
Thankyou for
listening!