WELCOME

BACK!
ACTIVITY 1:
On a 1/2 sheet of yellow paper, write
a paragraph about your favorite
discipline of social science and the
reason why do you like it.
 UNIT II:
APPROACHES IN
SOCIAL SCIENCE
 STRUCTIONAL
FUNCTIONALISM
AT THE END OF THIS MODULE, THE STUDENT CAN:
• IDENTIFY KEY CONCEPTS AND APPROACHES IN THE SOCIAL SCIENCES
• IDENTIFY THE KEY THEORIST ON STRUCTURAL FUNCTIONALISM
• EVALUATE THE STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES OF APPROACH
STRUCTIONAL
FUNCTIONALISM
• or simply functionalism, is essentially a sociological
theory that revolves around the notion that a society
is composed of a system of interconnected parts that
have their own particular functions
• views societal living as shaped and guided by social
structures, or the patterns of social relationships
between groups or individuals
• MACROSTRUCTURES – social structures formed
among groups or institutions which include religion,
education, tradition, and culture
• MICROSTRUCTURES - social structures established
among individuals or within groups that result in
individual interactions
• SOCIAL FUNCTIONS – effects of social structures or
their purposes
• EVERY SOCIAL STRUCTURE HAS A CORRESPONDING
SOCIAL FUNCTION.
KEY
CONCEPTS
MANIFEST AND
LATENT FUNCTIONS
• MANIFEST FUNCTION is the predicted,
intended, expected, and knowable effect of a
social structure
• LATENT FUNCTION is the unintended outcome
of social structure
POSITIVE EFFECTS OF OUTCOMES
MANIFEST AND LATENT
DYSFUNCTIONS
• MANIFEST DYSFUNCTION is the predicted,
intended, expected, and knowable effect of a
social structure
• LATENT DYSFUNCTION is the unpredicted and
unexpected disruption of social structure
NEGATIVE EFFECTS OF OUTCOMES
IMPORTANT
THEORIST
AUGUSTE COMTE
• His
Provide
ideasanare
Provided analysis ofofsociety
considered
a theory social evolution
as the
and man’s
through his
precursor
cognitive toLaw of Three
structural
progression Stages (a
functionalism,
from religious
critique
as
and of theconcepts
heabstract
identified social structures
traditionto and and of
other
a scientific
how
social humans were
structure
perspective shaped byin shaping
as elements
progressive
the society thinking)
HERBERT SPENCER
••First
SPENCER’S EVOLUTIONARY MODEL
sociological functionalist
• The progress or decline
•Compares human body in societyof a
society will be determined by
•Compares the way organism
how it handles constant
evolved to
problems how society develops
TALCOTT PARSONS
• One of the primary contributors to the
development of structural functionalism
• Identified the different systems which make up
the structure of society, SYSTEMS LEVELS
1. Cultural systems 2. Social system
3. Personality system 4. Behavioral
system
KINGSLEY DAVIS AND WILBERT
MOORE

• Known for the functionalist theory of

stratification or Davis-Moore hypothesis
• Suggests that social inequalities are
necessary so that society would function
ROBERT MERTON
••Key contributor to
MIDDLE RANGE THEORYthe functionalist
theory of society
• More focused and manageable
• Developed the concepts of manifest
• Limited assumptions and hypothesis
and latent functions and
• Limited range of data to research and
dysfunctions
interpret
GABRIEL ALMOND AND
BINGHAM POWELL

• Recognized the function

Applied structural of the
functionalist
political
theories system itself on politics
in comparative society
• Political
• Argued socialization
that the study of political
systems of different states must be
• Recruitment
done contextually
• Communication
CRITISMS and
LIMITATIONS
1. Functionalism
compares the purposes
of an institution to that
of an individual.
2. Functionalism falls
for the fallacy of
circular reasoning.
3. Functionalism finds
it difficult to explain
social changes.
4. Functionalism is also
criticized by how it sees
the individual as a mere
actor who follows roles
and is shaped by
society
5. The idea of
functional unity does
not take into account
that conflicts can and
will arise in the society
6. Social stratification
can be considered as a
defense and argument
for social injustices.
PETA 1
What is your dream job? Identify it and
write in your paper. Imagine that you
achieve it already. Your goal is to list the
latent and manifest functions of your dream
job. List five (5) each for latent and manifest
functions. Write your answer on a one
whole sheet of yellow paper.
DEADLINE: HUMSS A
11–07–23
DEADLINE: HUMSS B

11–08–23