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Fluids 7
Fluids 7
Daene McKinney
Description of
Motion
Fluid Motion
• Two ways to describe
fluid motion
– Lagrangian V
dx dy
i
dz
j k
• Follow particles around dt dt dt
– Eularian V ui vj wk
• Watch fluid pass by a
point or an entire region
– Flow pattern
• Streamlines – velocity
is tangent to them
Flow Patterns
• Uniform flow V 0
s
V
• Non-uniform flow 0
s
V
• Steady flow 0
t
V
• Unsteady flow 0
t
Example (4.1)
• Valve at C is opened
slowly
• Classify the flow at B
while valve is opened
• Classify the flow at A
HW (4.2)
Laminar vs Turbulent Flow
• Laminar • Turbulent
Flow Rate
• Volume rate of flow
– Constant velocity over
cross-section
Q VA
– Variable velocity
Q VdA
A
R
Q VdA Vo (1 r / R )2rdr
A 0
2 3 R
r r R2 R2
2Vo ( ) 2Vo ( )
2 3R 2 3
0
1
Vo R 2
3
1
Vo R 2
V Q 1
Vo 3 2
Vo A R Vo 3
Example (4.28)
• Find: Q, V , m
0.5 0.5
Q 2 VdA 2 20 ydy
0 0
2 0.5
y
40 5 m3 / s
2
0
Q 5
V 5m / s
A 1
m Q 1.2 * 5 6 kg / s
HW (4.30)
Acceleration
• Acceleration = rate of change of
velocity
• Components:
– Normal – changing direction
– Tangential – changing speed
V V ( s , t )e t
dV dV de t dV V V
a et V V
dt dt dt dt s t
det V
en
dt r
V V V 2
a (V )e t en
s t r
Acceleration
• Cartesian coordinates V ui vj wk a axi a y j az k
du u dx u dy u dz u u u u u
ax . u v w
dt x dt y dt z dt t x y z t
dv v dx v dy v dz v v v v v
ay . u v w
dt x dt y dt z dt t x y z t
dw w dx w dy w dz w w w w w
az . u v w
dt x dt y dt z dt t x y z t
u 3t ; v xz; w ty 2
u u u u
ax u v w 0(3t ) 0( xz ) 0(ty 2 ) 3 3
x y z t
v v v v
ay u v w z (3t ) 0( xz ) x(ty 2 ) 0 3 zt xy 2t
x y z t
w w w w
az u v w 0(3t ) 2ty ( xz ) 0(ty 2 ) y 2 2 xyzt y 2
x y z t
2 2
a a x i a y j a z k 3i (3tz txy ) j (2 xyzt y )k