Colposcopy and

endometrial biopsy

ROJAS MARTINEZ CHRISTIAN DE JESUS 8 B

DRA. THANIA SALCEDO OROZCO
 Colposcopy definition
 Colposcopy is a procedure in which a lighted, magnifying
instrument called a colposcope is used to examine the cervix,
vagina, and vulva.

 History:
 Hans Hinselmen of Germany first described colposcopy in 1925 as a
screening tool for cervical cancer.
 Anatomy and Physiology

 The Pap test is performed in order to screen for cervical cancer.

The cells at the squamocolumnar junction of the endo and
ectocervix are susceptible to HPV infection and dysplastic
change.

 HPV is responsible for >90% of cervical cancer. This virus

incorporates its DNA into the developing cell and turns off the
tumor suppressor gene (p53 and RB) function allowing the cells
to become dysplastic.
 Indications

 The indications for a colposcopy to be performed are

risk-based. Women referred for colposcopy have a
variety of underlying risks for cervical pre-cancer
based on their cytological results, the HPV testing if it
was performed, and personal history of cervical
dysplasia.
 Endometrial biopsy
 Definition:
 Endometrialbiopsy is an office procedure that serves as
a helpful tool in diagnosing various uterine
abnormalities.

 The biopsy is obtained through the use of an

endometrial suction catheter that is inserted through
the cervix into the uterine cavity.
 Hormone therapy can be offered to patients with abnormal
vaginal bleeding who have normal endometrial tissue on biopsy.
If the biopsy is normal but the patient continues to experience
excessive vaginal bleeding, further diagnostic work-up should
occur.

 Biopsy specimens that suggest the presence of endometrial

carcinoma (75 percent are adenocarcinoma) should prompt
consideration of referral to a gynecologic oncologist for
definitive surgical therapy.
 References
 Cooper, D. B., & Goyal, M. (2021). Colposcopy. In StatPearls. StatPearls Publishing.
 Zuber T. J. (2001). Endometrial biopsy. American family physician, 63(6), 1131–
1141.
 Cusimano, M. C., Vicus, D., Pulman, K., Maganti, M., Bernardini, M. Q., Bouchard-
Fortier, G., Laframboise, S., May, T., Hogen, L. F., Covens, A. L., Gien, L. T., Kupets,
R., Rouzbahman, M., Clarke, B. A., Mirkovic, J., Cesari, M., Turashvili, G., Zia, A.,
Ene, G., & Ferguson, S. E. (2021). Assessment of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy vs
Lymphadenectomy for Intermediate- and High-Grade Endometrial Cancer
Staging. JAMA surgery, 156(2), 157–164.
https://doi.org/10.1001/jamasurg.2020.5060