What is the video all

about?
In what year did the
family of Sarao
created the jeepney?
How many years do our
jeepneys exist here in
the Philippines?
Have you experienced
unforgettable moments
riding a jeepney?
What is the latest issue
about the jeepney?
Who will be most affected
if the government
approves the jeepney
phase-out?
 What is your stand
regarding the issue?
 If you are given a chance to be
interviewed in 24 Hours, GMA to
provide your stand regarding the
jeepney phaseout, how will you
defend your stand?
DEFEND
A
 OBJECTIVEs
01 Explain a stand.

02 Defend a stand on an issue by presenting

reasonable arguments supported by properly cited
factual evidence.

Apply your knowledge about providing a stand

03
by justifying your judgment in a certain issue.
ACTIVITY TIME
 SOIDNEGNUI
INDIGENOUS
relating to the earliest known
inhabitants of a place and
especially of a place that was
colonized by a now dominant
group.
 TEMNGRUA
ARGUMENT
a coherent series of reasons,
statements, or facts intended to
support or establish a point of view.
 EAPLAP
APPEAL
to arouse a sympathetic
response
ACTIVITY TIME
Steps in Defending a Stand

01 Make Issue Criteria

02 Collect Evidences from Properly - Cited Sources

Make an Appeal to Your Audience

03
04 Organize your Viewpoints or Arguments
Make Issue Criteria
-persuade others and make
them believe in your claim.
 Make Issue Criteria
Ask the following questions to create a strong argument:

Is it a real issue with genuine controversy and uncertainty?

Can I identify at least two distinctive positions? 

Am I personally interested in advocating one of these positions?

Is the scope of the issue narrow enough to be manageable?

 Collect Evidences from Properly
- Cited Sources

ENT I ARY
EVID
SOURCES
• Surveys
Do some research • des cri pt i ve s t udies

• case studies
e m i c j o u r n a ls
• acad
l a r m a g a z i n e s
• popu
a l i n fo rm at i on
• biographic s o f w or k fr o m
t e s o r s u m m arie
• Quo rities
l i s h e d a u t h o
estab f a n au t ho ri t y or
s i n t e r v i ew o
LIST OF PRO • St a
ord
t
i
i
n
s t
a
i
r
c
y c i t i z en
AND CON • Labor a t o ry r e s e a rch

xt ual anal ys is
• Te
 Make an Appeal to Your Audience

3 MAJOR TYPES OF APPEALS

A. Logical Appeals
B. Emotional Appeals
C. Ethical Appeals
 Logical Appeals
- use of facts in order to support and defend a
position

- providing them with facts and statistics, or

making historical and literal analogies
 Logical Appeals
Example:
- More than one hundred peer-reviewed
studies have been conducted over the
past decade, and none of them suggests
that coconut milk is an effective
treatment for hair loss.
 Emotional Appeals
- audience’s feelings for the subject of the paper such
as anger, pity, and a version in order to persuade

- values the reader may identify with such as the

importance of family ties, hospitality, and the
bayanihan spirit.

-argument attempts to elicit a strong emotional

response
 Emotional Appeals
Example:
- How can you say that the government
shouldn’t censor the internet? Think of
the poor children who might be exposed
to inappropriate content.
 Ethical Appeals
- convincing an audience
through the credibility of the
persuader, be it a notable or
experienced figure in the field
or even a popular celebrity.
 Ethical Appeals
Example:
As a doctor, I am qualified to
tell you that this course of
treatment will likely generate
the best results.
Organize your Viewpoints or Arguments
 Organize your Viewpoints or Arguments
Example:
Topic: Cycling to commute to work or school
Stand: In favor
Argument: Health benefits, environment-friendly
Evidence: Cycling as a mode of transport should be promoted since it
has several health benefits. It’s easy on the joints. When you sit on a
bike, you put your weight on a pair of bones in the pelvis called the
ischial tuberosities. “That makes it good for anyone with joint pain or
related stiffness,” says Dr. Clare Safran-Norton, a physical therapist at
Harvard-affiliated Brigham and Women’s Hospital. In addition, it can
save non-renewable resources. According to the Encyclopedia of Energy,
bicycles can cover a given distance using one-thousandth of the fuel that
an automobile uses. It cuts down on greenhouse gas emissions and global
climate change and reduces pollutants.
ACTIVITY TIME
SHARE! SHARE! SHARE!
The class will be grouped into four groups. The first task
is to brainstorm word/words that you can associate with
having a stand on an issue in society. Once the students
are done, they will present their output in the following
list below:

1. Through cheering
2. Through rapping
3. Through singing
4. Through poem reading
SHARE! SHARE! SHARE!
After each group’s presentation, the students will provide the following
information:
Stand: __________________
Argument: ________________
Evidences: ________________

Example:
Cheering (Pro1 - Alex):
Alex confidently steps forward, holding the metacard with the word
"Equality" and starts his cheering presentation.

*"Equality! E-Q-U-A-L-I-T-Y! What do we stand for? Equality! When

do we want it? Now! Let's cheer for a society where everyone is treated
with fairness and respect!"
 Criteria Excellent (5) Good (4) Satisfactory (3)
The stand is exceptionally The stand is clear and mostly The stand is generally clear,
clear, concise, and well- concise, with a few minor but some aspects may be
articulated, leaving no room points that could be clarified. unclear or need further
Clarity of for ambiguity. explanation.
Position
The stand is supported by a The stand is well-supported The stand is supported with
robust and comprehensive with relevant evidence, but basic evidence, but there are
array of evidence, including there may be some gaps or notable gaps or insufficient
Evidence and data, facts, and expert weaker supporting points. support in some areas.
Support opinions.

The stand demonstrates The stand is logically sound, The stand generally makes
exceptional logical but there may be a few sense, but there are
reasoning, with a clear flow instances where the argument significant logical gaps or
Logical of ideas and a strong, could be more tightly woven. inconsistencies.
Reasoning coherent argument.

TOTAL =
 GIVING OF FEEDBACK
GROUP 1 --------- GROUP 4
GROUP 2 --------- GROUP 3
GROUP 3 --------- GROUP 1
GROUP 4--------- GROUP 2
ACTIVITY TIME
 Have CPs and Social Media made families
TOPIC closer or not?

STAND/POSITION Social Media have not made families closer.

There is less talk and more text nowadays; less

EXPLANATION touch and more tweets.
The report, entitled Bringing Families Closer
EVIDENCE Together, provides a snapshot of the impact of
communication technology on families….
Einstein has predicted, “I fear one day that
CONCLUSION technology will surpass our human interaction.
The world will have a generation of idiots”.
Cellular phones and social media have made a
rift in the relationships among family members.
 Guide Questions:
1. What is the topic?
2. What is the stand of the writer?
3. Look at the explanation and
evidence. Are there any
connections?
4. How did the writer show the
conclusion?
ASSESSMENT
1. Writers are generally most successful with their audiences when they can
skillfully and appropriately balance the three core types of appeals. Which
must be added to defend a stand on an issue using the so-called "Logical
Appeals"?

A. Include personal anecdotes.

B. Establish facts and personal anecdotes.
C. Audience feelings and established facts
D. Writers support their claims using the following:
analogies, logical reasoning, established facts, and
statistics
2. Analyze the order of the given premises and
answer the question given after each.

Premise
1: All men are mortal.
2: Railey is a man.
Conclusion: Railey is a mortal.
How do you identify the arguments presented by the writer in the given
manifestoes?
A. The premises show the Deductive Arguments proceeding from the general
ideas/facts to the specific inferences.

B. The premises show the Inductive Arguments deriving from the specific
observations leading to the general conclusion.

C. The premises show the Deductive Arguments proceeding from the general
ideas/facts to the specific inferences. Premise 1 (major/very general
statement), Premise 2 (minor/more specific), and Conclusion (very specific
statement).

D. The premises show the Inductive Arguments proceeding from the general
ideas/facts to the specific inferences. Premise 1 (major/very general
statement), Premise 2 (minor/more specific), and Conclusion (very specific
3. You are participating in a debate on the topic of
environmental conservation. Your stand is in favor
of implementing stricter regulations on industrial
emissions to combat climate change. During the
debate, your opponent argues that imposing
stricter regulations on industrial emissions would
negatively impact economic growth and lead to job
losses. How do you respond?
A. Highlight the long-term economic benefits of addressing climate change,
emphasizing the growth of the green economy and the creation of new job
opportunities in renewable energy sectors.

B. Dismiss the economic concerns, focusing solely on the urgent need to

address climate change and the potential catastrophic consequences if
emissions are not reduced.

C. Acknowledge the economic concerns but propose a balanced approach,

suggesting incentives for industries to adopt cleaner technologies while
gradually phasing in stricter regulations.

D. Counter the argument by stating that job losses in certain industries are a
necessary sacrifice for the greater good of the planet and future generations.
4. You are engaged in a discussion about the use of genetically
modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture. Your stand is in
support of the responsible and regulated use of GMOs to
enhance crop yields and address global food security
concerns.

Question: A fellow participant raises concerns about the

potential environmental impact of GMOs, citing worries
about unintended consequences such as the development of
superweeds and harm to non-target organisms. How do you
respond?
A. Assert that rigorous testing and regulations are in place to ensure the
safety of GMOs, and highlight specific examples where genetically modified
crops have successfully increased yields without significant environmental
harm.

B. Downplay the environmental concerns, emphasizing the urgent need to

address food shortages and the ability of GMOs to withstand pests and harsh
growing conditions.

C. Acknowledge the potential risks of GMOs but argue that advancements in

biotechnology can be responsibly managed through continuous research,
monitoring, and adaptation of regulations.

D. Challenge the concerns, stating that the benefits of GMOs far outweigh
any potential risks, and advocate for widespread adoption to meet the
growing global demand for food.
5. You are participating in a community forum
discussing the implementation of a mandatory
vaccination policy for public school children to
prevent the spread of infectious diseases. A parent
in the forum expresses concern about the potential
side effects of vaccinations and insists on the right
to make personal choices regarding their child's
health. How do you respond?
A. Emphasize the overwhelming scientific evidence supporting the safety and
effectiveness of vaccines, citing examples of successful vaccination programs that
have significantly reduced the incidence of preventable diseases.

B. Acknowledge the importance of individual choice but stress the community-

wide benefits of herd immunity, which protects those who cannot receive vaccines
due to medical reasons and helps prevent the spread of diseases.

C. Downplay the potential side effects, highlighting the minimal risk compared to
the severe consequences of outbreaks, and propose educational campaigns to
address concerns and provide accurate information.

D. Assert the necessity of personal freedom in healthcare decisions, stating that

individuals should have the right to opt-out of vaccinations for their children
without facing any repercussions, and argue for increased focus on alternative
health practices.
Thank You!!