UCSP Gutty 2ndsem

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
00
General Rules to follow in this subject:
1.Don’t be late.
2.Respect is a Must.
3.Raise you hand with you want to talk.
4.Participation and Cooperation is necessary.
5.Deadline is Deadline.
6.Clean the classroom at all times
00
Understanding Culture
, Society and Politics
01
Understanding Human Cultural Variation,

Social Differences, Social Change, and
Political identities
Prepared by: Ms. Gutty Dale

02 CLASS LEARNING TARGETS

At the end of the discussion the students can:
01 Define culture and describe how culture varies from one another
02 Describe the social differences and define its elements
03 Explain the importance and interrelationship of culture, society and

politics
r e ?
03
l tu Society , Culture
i s cu and Politics
h a t Wha t
W are so
cial d
iffere
n c e s?
ws
L a
Provide the meaning of Cultural variations
v s .
Wh t ic s
l i
at is c Po
ust Key elements of culture
om
?
00
Arrange it Well!
Instructions:
Directions: The teacher will divide the class into groups with 5 members, each group
will play unfold the equivalent letters correspond to the provided numbers to form a
word.
Each group is given 5 hearts which represents their lives in the game. Once they will
not follow the instruction they will get deduction of score ( 5points)
1. Each group must select 1 member to raise its hand and give the correct answer, yet
other members of the group may help.
2. If the group provides the correct word they will then provide the definition of the
WORD.
3. The points for correct word is 5 points the same with the correct definition.
3. The student needs to minimized their voices to avoid disturbance.
00
5 18 21 21
20 12 3
00
CULTURE
03
What is culture?
• Culture is a collection of learned behaviors,
attitudes and beliefs that encompass both the
material and non-material things that are shared
by all members of the society.
00
18 3 21 21 5 20 12
9 1 1 5 18 20 12 13
00
MATERIAL
CULTURE
00
18 3 21 21 5 20 12
9 1 1 5 18 20 12 13 – 15 15
00
NON-MATERIAL
CULTURE
04
Two types of Culture:
1.Material culture- composed of tangible things like
food, tools, dress, accessories and others.
2.Non-material culture- composed of intangible
things such as habits, ideas, religion, language and
behavior.
00
21 21 1 18 3 12 20 12
22 18 20 14 1 1 9 9 15
00
CULTURAL
VARIATION
05
Cultural Variation
• Humans around the world have been separated by
geographical barriers; thus, allowing the creation of
societies with different cultures and traditions which
eventually result to cultural variations.
• Cultural variation refers to the rich diversity in social

practices that different cultures exhibit around the
world.
.
UDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS
06
Key elements of culture
00
19 14 13 18 15
00
NORMS
07 NORMS
:Norms are ways of behaving that are considered normal in a particular
society.
: a principle of right action binding upon the members of a group and serving
to guide, control, or regulate proper and acceptable behavior.
Two Types of Norms
 Cultural Norms – “ are the unwritten rules of the society, which prescribe
how people should behave in different situation and prescribe what is
acceptable and what is not.” ( Shedder, 1991)
 Social Norms – serve as social glue, provided shared understanding of
appropriate behavior and facilitating cohesion. It encompass a wide range
of expectation from basic manners and etiquette to cultural and moral
values. Social norms are learned and reinforce through socialization
process including family, education and Media.
00
1 1 5 21 14 12 7 7
14 4 1
19 19 15 13 25 2 12
00
SYMBOLS AND
LANGUAGE
07
Symbols and languages
(Verbal or non-verbal) represents the cultural reality in one
culture.
Cultures use symbols and language to communicate with
one another as well as to shape the thoughts of people.
00
5 9 9 15 14 7
12 18
00
RELIGION
08
Religion
Religion is an important element of a culture as it dictates
the moral beliefs of the people which guide their everyday
lives. According to Durkheim, without it there would be
no social order, social control, and social cooperation.
00
1 21 5 19 22 12
00
VALUES
09 Values and Beliefs

• Values are a culture’s standard for discerning what is good
and just in society. Values are deeply embedded and critical
for transmitting and teaching a culture’s beliefs.
• Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be

true. Individuals in a society have specific beliefs, but they
also share collective values.
09 Values and Beliefs

Values and beliefs acts as guidelines for the people in
reference to what is good, desirable, important, and
worthwhile.
Note: Values and belief can be considered true by a culture

yet false by other culture or more specifically by scientific
explanations.
00
21 15 20 13 19 3
00
CUSTOM
10 Custom
• Is a practice or a behavior that is common to a
particular class or group of people that it
becomes an unwritten law followed in a regular
basis.
• A custom is a cultural idea that describes a
patterned way of behaving that is characteristic
of life in a social system.
00
1 23 12 19
14 4 1
15 9 9 16 12 20 3 19
00
LAWS AND
POLITICS
11 Laws and Politics

Law- govern the everyday decision making of the people as these can
either award them certain rights and privileges or prevent them from
doing something or give them specific obligation.
Politics- govern the people depending on characteristics of the leader

who will lead them. Those who lead or in the top member of the
society have the power to influence the actions and behaviors of the
majority.
12 Social Differences
Class – Most cultures and societies have classes which categorize
people according to their social and economic status.
Age – the “age” of a person usually associated with “maturity”

and “wisdom” by different cultures.
Race – comes from the idea that human beings are divided into
distinct groups which have certain shared and inherited physical
and behavioral characteristics.
Ethnicity – which refers to the ethnic group who have common
culture, language and history.
Gender – is the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given

culture associates with a person’s biological sex.
Education/Ability – the education level of a person dictates how one

perceive oneself in contrast to other members of the society.
Moreover, the higher the level of education of a person the more the
opportunities he or she usually gets.
15 Social Change
Refers to any significant alteration over time in behavior
patterns and cultural values and norms. This change is
brought about by modernization and the impact of
globalization that resulted to cultural change among
Filipino people.
Example: Ways of Filipino Courtship(Traditional-Modern)

16 Political Identities
Refers to political position based on the interests and
perspective of social groups with which people identify. In
the Philippines, we participated in choosing the political
leaders through election and being a democratic country.
They are mandated by law to lead the people and
implement good governance for the common good of all
Filipinos.
17
What is the significance?
18 The Significance of Culture

• Makes it possible for a man to adopt and integrate himself to
his environment.
• Establish patterns of acceptable social behavior such as good
manners and right conduct
• It conveys and facilitates meaning of life.
• It produce man-made things such as clothing, tools and
others.
• It contributes an overall human satisfaction like arts and
recreational activities and, etc.
19 The Significance of Society

• It is an avenue for economic interdependence.
• Characterize the totality of a territory.
• It serves as a representation of our identity.
• A symbol of political independence.
20
The significance of Politics
• It is an art of government
• Public affair
• Power distribution of resources
• It is academics
• Consensus and compromise
• Politics as power
21
Why there is change?
Societies continue to improve and the social, political and cultural
changes occur with it, Let's know them below;
• Cultural Change- texting, food taboos, immigration.

• Political Change-democracy, federalism, political
dynasty.
• Social Change -abolition of slavery, industrial revolution.
22
Nature, Goals and
Perspective in/of
Anthropology,
Sociology and Political
Science
23
Learning Targets:
At the end of the lesson, the students can:
1. Define the meaning of anthropology, sociology and political science
with self -explanatory perspective.
2. Explain the nature, goals and perspective of anthropology, sociology and
political science EXAMPLE 1
3. Categorize the nature, goals and perspective of anthropology, sociology
and political science into the appropriate identity.
4. Interpret the nature, goals and perspective of anthropology, sociology
and political science through illustration of situational and up-to-date
event.
25
ACTIVITY TIME
Look for words that you can connect
to Anthropology, Sociology and
Political Science in Tweeter
26
What is Anthropology?
The word "anthropology" comes from the Greek anthropos
("human") and logia ("study"). Anthropology is the study of
people everywhere — today, yesterday, and long ago.
Anthropology is the study, analysis, and description of humanity’s
past and present.
Nature of Anthropology
27
Anthropology, a global discipline merging humanities, social

sciences, and natural sciences, originated during the Enlightenment
in Europe and North America. It emerged from the exploration of
diverse cultures during colonial expansion, led by early
anthropologists from scientific backgrounds.
Nature of Anthropology
28
Anthropology solidified as a distinct academic field in the late

19th century in American and Western European universities.
In North America, it comprises four interconnected fields:
archaeology, biological anthropology, linguistic anthropology,
and cultural anthropology. These fields focus on distinct yet
interrelated subjects, studying past human societies, biological
evolution, language, and contemporary cultures.
29
Major Branches of Anthropology
1. Cultural Anthropology studies human cultures, beliefs, ideas,
technologies, economies, practices, values, and other spheres of social
and rational organization. This branch is primarily based on cultural
understanding gained through actual experiences, or participant
observations of the human population.
2. Physical Anthropology deals with the biological and behavioral
aspects of human beings. It focuses on their relationships to non-human
primates and their extinct hominid ancestors.
30
Major Branches of Anthropology
3. Archaeology studies both the ancient and recent past of humans
through the material remains, such as artifacts, fossils and bone
fragments.
4. Linguistic Anthropology studies the relations between language and
culture in relation to human biology, human reasoning and human
language.
5. Applied Anthropology deals with the application of anthropological
facts, perspectives, theories, and procedures in identifying, assessing, and
solving social problems.
31
What is Sociology?
As a social science, Sociology deals with the study of
society and social interactions taking place. It also
deals with the origin, evolution, and development of
human society. It is focused on all kinds of social
interactions, social relationships, social organization,
structure and process.
32
Nature Sociology
• Sociology arose in the early 19th century in response to rapid social
change.
• The French social thinker Auguste Comte (1798– 1857) first coined
the term sociology to describe a new way of thinking about societies
as systems governed by principles of organization and change.
• Émile Durkheim (1858–1917),the French humanist, made the biggest
commitment to the development of social science as a social scientific
discipline.
33
Areas of Sociology
• 1. Social Organization includes the study of social groups, social
institutions, social stratification, mobility, ethnic relations, and
bureaucracy
• 2. Social Psychology tackles human behavior or nature as a result of
group life, personality formation, social attitude and collective
behavior
• 3. Social Change deals with the study of changes in the society and
culture, and the factors resulting from such change.
34
Areas of Sociology
• 4. Social Organization and Disorganization study the
emergence of societies, their structural formation and the ways
they are strengthened. They also study crime, delinquency,
family conflict, poverty, subversion, unemployment, and a wide
range of current social issues and problems
• 5. Human Ecology studies the behavior of a given population
and its relationship to present social institutions.
35
Areas of Sociology
• 6. Population is concerned with population size,
composition, change and quality and on how they
influence the economic, political and social systems
• 7. Sociological Theory and Method is concerned
with the application of the results of sociological
studies to solve various human problems.
36
What is Political Science?
Political Science is the study of the nature,
causes, and consequences of collective decisions
and actions taken by groups of people embedded
in cultures and institutions that structure power
and authority.
38 Nature of Political Science

• Nature of Political Science is a social science concerned with the theory and practice of
politics and the description and analysis of political systems and political behavior.
• Political Science is in this way an investigation of the state in the past, present and future
of the political organization, political cycles and political functions of political
establishments and political theories.
• Political Science has a few subfields, including political hypothesis, public policy,
public legislative issues, worldwide relations, human rights, natural governmental
issues and near legislative issues.
38 Nature of Political Science

The forerunners of Western legislative issues can follow their
underlying foundations back to Greek scholars Socrates, Plato
(427–347 BC) and Aristotle (384–322 BC). The investigations
were theory arranged. Plato composed The Republic and
Aristotle composed the Politics. Aristotle is known as the Father
of Political Science. He is well known for his assertion "Man is a
political animal".
39 Major Subdivision of Political Science

1. Political Theory focuses on the ideas of classical thinkers, such as
Aristotle, Niccolò Machiavelli, Cicero, and Plato among others.
2. Comparative Politics deals with the incisive evaluation and
comparison of the doctrines of various constitutions, of political actors,
legislature and other allied fields.
3. Public Administration focuses on the implementation of government
policies, the academic disciplines involved and the principles governing
civil servants working in the government.
40 Major Subdivision of Political Science

4. International Relations delve on nation-state’s interactions including
intergovernmental and transnational organizations.
5. Law governs the relationships between individuals and the
government, and the relationships of individuals among themselves
directly affecting the society.
6. Political Methodology focuses on the quantitative methods used in the
study of politics combining Statistics, Mathematics, and formal theory. It
is often used in positive research, unlike normative research. It is related
to econometrics.
41
The Concept, Aspects and

Changes in/of Culture, Society
and Politics
43
The Concept of Culture
The English word 'Culture' is gotten from the

Latin expression 'clique or cultus' significance
plowing, or developing or refining and love. In
total it implies developing and refining.
44
culture is the epitome of the manner by
which we think and get things done. .
45
Culture thus refers to a human-made
environment which includes all the material
and nonmaterial products of group life that
are transmitted
from one generation to the next.
46
Anthropologist Philosophical Perspective
47
General Characteristics Culture
1. Culture is learned and acquired- Culture is gained as in there are
sure practices which are obtained through heredity.
2. Culture is shared by group of people- An idea or activity might
be called culture in case it is shared and accepted or rehearsed
by a gathering of individuals.
3. Culture is cumulative –Different information exemplified in
culture can be passed starting with one age then onto the next age.
48
4. Culture changes –There is information, musings or customs that
are lost as new social qualities are added. There are potential outcomes of social
changes inside the specific culture over the long haul.
5. Culture is dynamic –No culture stays on the perpetual state.
Culture is changing continually as novel thoughts and new procedures are added
over the long haul altering or changing the old ways. This is the attributes of
culture that stems from the way of life's total quality.
49
6. Culture gives us a scope of passable standards of conduct- It includes
how a movement ought to be directed, how an individual should act properly.
7. Culture is diverse –It is a framework that has a few commonly
reliant parts. Albeit these parts are isolated, they are related with each other
framing culture as entirety.
8. Culture is ideational –Often it sets out an optimal example of
conduct that are expected to be trailed by people in order to acquire social
acknowledgment from individuals with a similar culture.
50
Concept of Society
The word society comes from the latin
root socius, signifying "buddy" or "being with
others.“Auguste Comte(1798-1857),
Society is a gathering of individuals whose
individuals associate, dwell in a quantifiable region,
and offer a culture.
51
Concept of Society
a society is a social framework that shares a topographical domain, a
typical culture, and a lifestyle (Johnson 1996).". As per Auguste
Comte(1798-1857), it came from the Latin word 'socius' which means
buddy, partner, accomplice or mate (or social being with others) and the
Greek word 'logos' or 'logus' which intends to contemplate (Kendall,
1998). Likewise, the humanist Dorothy Smith (1926) characterizes
society as the "continuous concerting and organizing of people's
exercises" (Smith 1999).
52
Sociologist view of Society
53
Sociologist Philosophical Perspective
54
54
56 General Characteristics of Society

1. Society is abstract – Maclver contended, "we might see
individuals yet can't see society or social design, yet just its
solitary outside perspectives". Reuter stated: "Similarly as
life isn't a thing yet an interaction of living, so society isn't a
thing yet a cycle of partner".

2. Likeness and Differences- Society involves both
likeness and difference. If people are all exactly alike,
merely alike, their relationships would be limited.
There would be little give-and- take and little
reciprocity.

3. Cooperation and Conflict –
, Maclver and Page saw that "society is cooperation
crossed by conflict". We know from our own
experience that an individual would be impaired,
displayed down,
and feels baffled in case he is required to do
everything alone, without the
guide of others. "Participation is most rudimentary
interaction of public

4. Society is a process not a product-
"Society exists just as a period arrangement. It is
becoming, not a being;
an interaction and not an item" (Maclver and Page,
1956).

5. Society is a system of stratification-
Society gives an arrangement of definition of
situations with classes that every individual has a
moderately steady and unmistakable situation in
the social construction.
61 Concept of Politics
The term 'politics’, is gotten from the Greek word 'Polis’, which implies
the city state According to Greek Rationalists, Politics was a subject
which managed all the exercises and undertakings of the city state.
Politics is the art of government, the activity of control inside the society
through the settling on and authorization of aggregate choices. (Heywood
1997)
62 Characteristics of Politics
1. Use or threat of use of legal force
2. Interactions
3. Independence of parts
00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

1. The American flag is a material object that denotes the United
States of America; however, there are certain connotations that
many associate with the flag, like bravery and freedom. In this
example, what are bravery and freedom?
A. Material Culture
B. Non-material Culture
C. Symbols
D. Language

2. Which of the following best defines Culture?
A. Only material possession and tangible items shared in a society.

B. Individualistic behaviors that vary significantly among society
members.
C. Learned behaviors, attitudes, beliefs, and shared elements in a
society.
D. collection of learned behaviors, attitudes and beliefs that
encompass only the non-material things.

3. Why is culture considered important element in society?
A. It promotes conflict and disagreements among society members

B. It limits communication and cooperation among people
C. It provides a pattern of living for effective communication and
cooperation
D. It restricts diversity and creativity within a society

4. What does cultural variation primarily refer to?
A. The separation of humans by geographical barriers

B. The uniformity in social practices across different cultures
C. The diversity and differences in social practices among various
cultures
D. The combination of different cultures in the society due to
globalization.

5. How can a custom be defined within a society?
A. As an infrequent and rarely practiced behavior

B. As a written law enforced by authorities
C. As a common behavior followed regularly by a specific class or
group
D. As an individualistic and isolated practice

6.What is the difference between custom and tradition?
A. Customs are specific to certain groups, while traditions are

universal .
B. Traditions are written laws, whereas customs are unwritten
practices
C. Customs are behaviors common to a particular class, while
traditions are shared by an entire society
D. Customs evolve over time, whereas traditions remain unchanged
for generations
ENGLISH CLASS
64
THANK YOU
See You Next Time

UCSP Gutty 2ndsem

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UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY AND POLITICS

Understanding Human Cultural Variation,

Prepared by: Ms. Gutty Dale

02 CLASS LEARNING TARGETS

02 Describe the social differences and define its elements

03 Explain the importance and interrelationship of culture, society and

• Cultural variation refers to the rich diversity in social

09 Values and Beliefs

• Beliefs are the tenets or convictions that people hold to be

09 Values and Beliefs

Note: Values and belief can be considered true by a culture

11 Laws and Politics

Politics- govern the people depending on characteristics of the leader

Age – the “age” of a person usually associated with “maturity”

Gender – is the attitudes, feelings, and behaviors that a given

Education/Ability – the education level of a person dictates how one

Example: Ways of Filipino Courtship(Traditional-Modern)

18 The Significance of Culture

19 The Significance of Society

• Cultural Change- texting, food taboos, immigration.

Anthropology, a global discipline merging humanities, social

Anthropology solidified as a distinct academic field in the late

38 Nature of Political Science

38 Nature of Political Science

39 Major Subdivision of Political Science

40 Major Subdivision of Political Science

The Concept, Aspects and

The English word 'Culture' is gotten from the

56 General Characteristics of Society

57 General Characteristics of Society

58 General Characteristics of Society

59 General Characteristics of Society

60 General Characteristics of Society

00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

A. Only material possession and tangible items shared in a society.

00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

A. It promotes conflict and disagreements among society members

00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

A. The separation of humans by geographical barriers

00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

A. As an infrequent and rarely practiced behavior

00 Quiz 1: Multiple Choice

A. Customs are specific to certain groups, while traditions are

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