English

Enhancement 1
Learning Outcomes
a. Identify the present tenses of verbs used in sentences;
b. Construct sentences using correct present tenses of
verbs; and
c. Explain the importance of present perfect tense in
daily conversation.

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Present Tenses
Prepared by:
Angelie P. Luardo
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Present Tense Verbs
A present tense verb is an action word that tells you what the subject is
doing right now, in the present.
1. Simple Present (He walks in the garden every morning.)
2. Present Progressive (He is walking in the garden now.)
3. Present Perfect (He has just walked in the garden.)
Simple
Present Tense
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Simple Present
• The present for all verbs, except be, is in the simple form for all
persons, except the third person singular which takes the –s form.
• The simple present is a verb tense with two main uses. We use the
simple present tense when an action is happening right now, or when
it happens regularly (or unceasingly, which is why it’s sometimes
called present indefinite).
 Simple Present Tense
Regular Verbs: Affirmative
Singular Plural

1st Person I walk We walk

2nd Person You walk You walk

He (she, it)
3rd Person They walk
walks
Noun Joselma Joselma and
Subject walks Jorge walk
 Simple Present Tense
Rule 1: Use the present tense to express habitual action or
something you or someone else knows how to do.
Examples: Affirmative
Jack goes to dance classes every day.
His friends usually ride the bus, but Jack drives his
brother’s car.
The bus runs every thirty minutes.
Jack plays the violin very well.
Regular Verbs: Negative
Singular Plural

1st Person I don’t (do not) walk We don’t (do not) walk

You don’t (do not)

2nd Person You don’t (do not) walk
walk

He (she, it) doesn’t

3rd Person They don’t (do not) walk
(does not) walk

Noun Subject Tran doesn’t walk Tran and Jose don’t walk
Rule 1: Use the present tense to express habitual
action or something one knows how to do.
Examples: Negative
Jack doesn’t go to dance classes every day.
His friends don’t usually ride the bus.
The bus doesn’t run very often.
I don’t often drive myself to school.
Olga doesn’t play tennis.
 Regular Verbs: Affirmative Questions
Singular Plural

1st Person Do I walk? Do we walk?

2nd Person Do you walk? Do you walk?

Does he (she, it)

3rd Person Do they walk?
walk?

Noun Subject Does John walk? Do John and Sally walk?

Rule 1: Use the present tense to express habitual action
or something one knows how to do.
Examples: Affirmative Questions
Does Jack go to dance classes every day?
Do his friends usually ride the bus?
Does the bus run very often?
Do I drive today, or do you?
Do you play chess?
 Regular Verbs: Negative Questions
Singular Plural

1st Person Don’t I walk? Don’t we walk?

2nd Person Don’t you walk? Don’t you walk?

3rd Person Doesn’t he (she, it) walk? Don’t they walk?

Noun Subject Doesn’t Maria walk? Don’t Maria and Ahmad walk?
Rule 1: Use the present tense to express habitual
action or something you know how to do.
Examples: Negative Questions
Doesn’t Jack go to dance classes every day?
Don’t his friends usually ride the bus?
Doesn’t the bus run every thirty minutes?
Don’t I drive today?
Don’t you work at Walmart?
Rule 2: Use the present tense to express future time
for schedules and appointments.
Examples:
The bus arrives at 3:00 P.M. this afternoon.
Don’t you have an appointment with the
doctor this morning?
The meeting is not until noon today.
When does the party start?
Rule 3: Use the present tense to express facts,
generalizations, and preferences.
Examples:
I love going to the mall.
Do horses really like apples?
Most windows are made of glass.
I prefer large cities over small towns.
Rule 4: Use the present tense with non-continuous verbs
to show action that is now.

Non-continuous verbs are verbs that we do not

normally use with continuous tenses. These
"stative" verbs are about state, not action, and they
cannot express the continuous or progressive
aspect.
Rule 4: Use the present tense with non-continuous verbs
to show action that is now.
Here are some of the most common non-
continuous verbs:

feeling: hate, like, love, prefer, want, wish

senses: appear, feel, hear, see, seem, smell, sound, taste
communication: agree, deny, disagree, mean, promise,
satisfy, surprise
Rule 4: Use the present tense with non-continuous verbs
to show action that is now.

thinking: believe, imagine, know, mean, realize,

recognize, remember, understand
other states: be, belong, concern, depend, involve,
matter, need, owe, own, possess
Rule 4: Use the present tense with non-continuous verbs
to show action that is happening now or not happening
now.
Examples:
He is liking the movie. Not Correct
He likes the movie. Correct
Abraham is needing a drink of water now. Not Correct
Abraham needs a drink of water now. Correct
Present
Progressive
Tense
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Present Progressive
• The present progressive tense is formed with the use of the present
form of the verb be (am, are, is) plus the present progressive form
(ing form) of the main verb.
• Some expressions that indicate that the action is going on at the time
of speaking are right now, as of this moment, and at present. Time
clauses starting with while also indicate an action in progress.
 Regular Verbs: Affirmative (be + verb + ing)
Singular Plural

1st Person I am walking. We are walking.

2nd Person You are walking. You are walking.

3rd Person He (she, it) is walking. They are walking.

Joselma and Jorge are

Noun Subject Joselma is walking.
walking.
Rule No. 1: Use the present progressive tense with normal
verbs (not non continuous verbs) to express action that is
happening now, or not happening now.

Examples:
He is watching T.V. in his room.
What are you doing?
The children are finishing their homework.
Janis isn’t playing tennis right now.
Rule No. 2: Use the present progressive tense to express
what we are in the process of doing, but not necessarily right
now.

Examples:
He is taking English Enhancement 1 at CSAP.
What are you doing these days?
Are you studying to become an engineer?
Janis isn’t playing tennis any more.
Rule No. 3: Use the present progressive tense to express
what will or will not happen in the future.

Examples:
He is going to the store later.
My parents are coming to visit me in a couple of weeks.
Are you working tomorrow?
Janis isn’t playing cards with us tonight.
Why aren’t the boys going to the game tonight?
Rule No. 4: Use the present progressive tense to
express repetition and irritation with always or
constantly.
Examples:
He is always coming to class late.
Some people are always complaining about something.
Why are you constantly talking?
Present
Perfect Tense
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Present Perfect
▪ The present perfect tense describes an action
that began in the past (despite being a present
tense).
▪ Example:
▪ John has taken Sarah’s advice.

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▪ The present perfect tense is formed by using
have/has + the past participle form of the verb.
has been
has gone
have waited
have become
▪ In spoken English, contractions are usually used.

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Use the present perfect for an action in the past
with a result now:
▪ I’ve lost my passport. (=I can’t find my
passport now.)
▪ “Where’s Linda?” She’s gone to bed. (=She is
in bed now.)
▪ We’ve bought a new car. (We have a new car
now.) 32
I’ve just
just= a short time ago

A. Are Diane Paul here?

B. Yes, they’ve just arrived.

A. Are you hungry?

B. No, I’ve just had dinner.
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I’ve already
already= before you expected/ before I expected

A. What time are Diane and Paul coming?

B. They’ve already arrived. (before you expected)

A. It’s only nine o’clock and Ann has already gone to bed. (before I
expected)

A. John, this is Mary.

B. Yes, I know. We’ve already met.
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I haven’t…yet/ Have you…yet?
yet= until now
You can use yet in negative sentences and questions. Yet
is usually at the end.
yet in negative sentences:
A. Are Diane and Paul here?
B. No, they haven’t arrived yet. (But B expects Diane
and Paul to arrive soon)

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I haven’t…yet/ Have you…yet?
yet= until now
A. Does John know that you are going away?
B. No, I haven’t told him yet. (But B is going to tell him
soon)

Margaret has bought a new dress but she hasn’t worn it

yet.
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Yet in questions:
A. Have Diane and Paul arrived yet?
B. No, not yet. We’re still waiting for them.

C. Has Linda started her new job yet?

D. No, she starts next week.

E. This is my new dress.

F. Oh, it’s nice. Have you worn it yet?
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Have you ever…?
We use the present perfect (have been/ have had/ have
played, etc.) when we talk about a time from the past
until now- for example, a personal’s life:

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Have you ever…?
▪ Mary is an interesting person. She had had many
different jobs and has lived in many places.
▪ I’ve seen that woman before but I can’t remember
where.
▪ How many times has Brazil won the World Cup?

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Present perfect + ever (in questions) and never:
▪ ‘Has Ann ever been to Australia?” “Yes, once.”
(once= one time)
▪ ‘Have you ever played golf?’ “Yes, I often play
golf.’
▪ My mother has never travelled by air.
▪ ‘Who is that man?’ ‘I don’t know. I’ve never seen
him before’

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gone and been

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Complete the sentences by adding simple present
verbs.
1. Sgt. Guerrero _______ the hostages.
2. Jack and Brian _______ soccer.
3. Police officers _______ people.
4. We _______ science books.
5. Mary _______ in the business school.
Assignment
Write it on a ½ sheet of
paper (crosswise). Make
sure to underline the
tenses of verbs.

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Write sentences with the simple present tense
about:
1. A transportation schedule or appointment
2. Usual or habitual action
3. Something that one knows how to do
4. A fact or preference
5. An action happening now using a non
continuous verb.
Write sentences using the present progressive
tense to express:
1. Something happening now.
2. Something happening in the near future.
3. Longer actions in progress now.
4. Repetition and irritation with always or
constantly.
Write sentences using the present perfect tense to express:
1. An action in the past with a result now
2. Just
3. Already
4. Yet
5. Have you ever…?
6. Gone/Been