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    This document discusses controlling chemical processes. It notes that the number of manipulated variables is limited and fixed, so controllers must choose which process variables to control wisely. It describes different types of control configurations from single-input single-output to multi-input multi-output. Economic objectives like minimizing costs are important. Process constraints need to be tightly controlled using methods like squeeze and shift. Process understanding is key to developing optimal operating policies.

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    What to Cntrl

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    This document discusses controlling chemical processes. It notes that the number of manipulated variables is limited and fixed, so controllers must choose which process variables to control wisely. It describes different types of control configurations from single-input single-output to multi-input multi-output. Economic objectives like minimizing costs are important. Process constraints need to be tightly controlled using methods like squeeze and shift. Process understanding is key to developing optimal operating policies.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Download as pptx, pdf, or txt
    2 views12 pages

    What To CNTRL

    Uploaded by

    ramanjorewal786
    This document discusses controlling chemical processes. It notes that the number of manipulated variables is limited and fixed, so controllers must choose which process variables to control wisely. It describes different types of control configurations from single-input single-output to multi-input multi-output. Economic objectives like minimizing costs are important. Process constraints need to be tightly controlled using methods like squeeze and shift. Process understanding is key to developing optimal operating policies.

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    of 12

    Module # 1.

    INTRODUCTION
    What to Control?

    Lectures on
    CHEMICAL PROCESS CONTROL
    Theory and Practice
    What to Control
    • A key decision
    • # of MVs in a process is fixed and limited
    - Limits # of PVs that may be controlled
    - N MVs control up to N PVs and no more
    - What PVs are controlled must be chosen ‘wisely’

    Process Control Notes 2


    SISO Feedback Control

    Single PV (input to controller)


    controlled using
    Single MV (output of controller)
    Process Control Notes 3
    More Complex Control: MISO
    Control T but RH < RHMIN not allowed

    MISO

    Process Control Notes 4


    More Complex Control: MIMO
    Control both T and RH
    Need additional MV to hold RH
    2 SISO Controllers 2x2 Multivariable Controller

    Process Control Notes 5


    Control for Good Economics
    ECONOMIC OBJECTIVE
    MINIMIZE J over dofs u
    subject to process contraints

    J J J

    Loss
    uopt
    uMIN u uMAX uMIN u uMAX uMIN u uMAX
    Operate at uMAX always Operate at uMIN always Operate at uopt
    uopt changes

    ROOM EXAMPLE
    TSP=TMIN & RHSP=RHMIN minimizes utility bill

    Process Control Notes 6


    Control for Good Economics

    Tightly control active constraints Track optimum value


    Choose their setpoint at constraint limit for sharp curves
    Need back-off to avoid constraint violation

    Process Control Notes 7


    The Need for Tight Constraint Control

    SQUEEZE & SHIFT

    Process Control Notes 8


    The Need for Tight Constraint Control

    Process Control Notes 9


    Managing Unconstrained Optimum

    CVMIN CV CVMAX

    Optimum remains “nearly” the same


    Find those “magic” PVs with invariant optimum

    Process Control Notes 10


    Constrained vs Unconstrained Optimum
    40 km Marathon
    100 m Sprint J = minu Race Completion Time
    J = minu Race Completion Time
    Constant Effort
    BRC BR SP

    Constant Speed SC Speed SP


    100%
    Constant
    Breathing Rate
    Running Effort
    Running Effort
    The Skogestad Example

    NEED PROCESS INSIGHT FOR DEVELOPING OPTIMAL OPERATING POLICY


    Image taken from: https://www.vectorstock.com
    Process Control Notes 11
    Solving Process Control Problems
    • What to control
    - Limited by # of MVs
    - What constitutes ‘desirable’ process behaviour
    - Control objectives and their prioritization

    • Economics is usually a major consideration


    - Control all active constraints
    o Squeeze and shift
    - Control near ‘invariants’ for unconstrained dofs

    • Process understanding is crucial

    Process Control Notes 12

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