SAFFLOWER BREEDING

- Ragul R
2020004083
Challenges
Lack of existent appropriate ideotypes for producing seed and
enhancing oil seed safflower.
Manual harvesting problems due to spiny genotypes.
The narrow genetic diversity for genotypes with high
acclimatization to different growing condition and extreme
temperatures.
Low harvest index.
■ Deficiencies in breeding lines containing tolerance to
different diseases and pests.
Genetic Improvement strategies
1.Seed yield improvement
a) Ideotype change:
Induction of suitable change in different morphological, phenological, and agronomic
triats could significantly increase the seed yield.
B) Heterosis:
Production of hybrid cultivars with superior heterosis would be facilitated by using cytoplasmic
male sterility and genetic male sterility.

C) Interspecific hybridization:
Species with same chromosome number could produce fully fertile and
Hybrids in F1 andd F2 generations could transfer suitable traits to the cultivated safflower.
Breeding objectives
Breeding for spinelessness
■ Breeding for developing thermo insensitive varieties
■ Breeding for resistance against pest and diseases
■ Breeding for higher yields
■ Breeding higher oil contents
■ Early Maturity

Note if we breed for spinelessness , oil production will decrease

Methods

Introduction
■ ancient and simplest method
■ To new environment
■ N-630, Nagpur-7, N-62-8,Manjira,Bhima
Mass selection
Selection of superior traits from population is known mass
selection
■ Using mass-selection in India the first commercial safflower,
N-630 was released in 1942.

Back cross method

F1 crossing with either parent, this method is used when disease or
other resistant traits are incorporate in elite variety to maintain the
yield.
Hybrid breeding
Crossing between two different species GMS EMS observes.
■ NARI-NH-1 (PH6) first spineless variety develop in India

Genetic improvement
In USA 1970 Nutra-Saff variety develop through genetic improvement
by Jerry Bergman’s Montana State University safflower breeding
programmed by reduction of hull thickness 45% oil production
increased.
Oil and meal improvement

Increasing oil content has lead to the release of cultivars

like NARI-6, NARI-NH-1, NARI-57.
■ Different methods like gene transfer, mutation,
crossing with low hull content and high oil content
genotypes.
Tissue culture

■ Safflower can be regenerated through organogenic and

embryogenic pathways through direct and callus mediated
methods

Genomic transformation
In safflower, Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols have
been reported for both Indian and American cultivars
References
Sultan Singh and I.S.Pawar, Trends in Wheat breeding, 1 st edition, CBS Publishers &
Distributors,
■ Gupta S.K, Practical Plant Breeding, 1st edition, Agrobios Publishers,
■ https://www.slideshare.net/YengkhomLinthoingamb/safflower-breeding
■ https://biosafety.icar.gov.in/wp-content/uploads/2015/11/Biology_of_Safflower_Au.pdf