ASPECT OF PERSONAL

DEVELOPMENT
GROUP 3
MARICEL DUGAY
KRYSTELLE GONZALES
ASPECTS OF PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
◦ This unit discusses the concept of stress
management to help adolescents like you deal
with and minimize the adverse effects of anxiety
and pressure experienced during middle late
adolescence.
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INTRODUCTION
This chapter discusses the type of stress encountered
by young people in middle and late adolescence. It also
presents possible sources of teenagers’ stress.
Various coping responses young people can adopt
during times of stress are also outlined. The tools and
techniques of stress management that you can utilize to
promote a healthy lifestyle are also explained.
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STRESS DEFINED
Stress refers to the total response of an individual to what may
be perceived as harmful or dangerous stimulus in his/her external
environment. It is experienced when an individual encounters a threat
that he/she could not deal with due to lack of proper resources
(McLeod 2010). Stress may be positive or negative.
As discussed earlier in this book, adolescence is a stage of
meaningful changes, including physical, psychological, social, and
moral. During this period, young people experience more stress than
in order stages in their lives. The transition from childhood to
adulthood may
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cause many teenagers to experience stress every day, particularly
when they encounter something difficult or dangerous that they feel
they are not able to solve or overcome.
Just like adults, adolescents experience stress. The only
difference is that the adolescents’ mind and body are still
developing and they are not yet as skillful as adults in dealing with
stress.
TYPES OF STRESS
There are four different types of stress:
1. Eustress– Positive stress. This gives one a feeling of fulfillment.
Examples are winning a contest and going
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on a roller-coaster ride.
2. Distress– Negative stress brought about by unfavorable event is
such as losing a loved one or being terminated from a job.
3. Hypostress– Understress or lack of stress. Examples are
boredom and hopelessness.
4. Hyperstress– Overstress. This happens when one is pushed
beyond what he/she can handle.
WHAT ARE STRESSORS ARE
Things presents in the environment that ignite threat, danger,
or tension are called stressors. As Psychology tutor McLeod
defines these, stressors are stimuli or threats that cause stress.
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Not all stress, however, is caused by external factors. Stress
can also be caused by internal factors. This can be self-generated or
borne out of baseless, irrational, or negative thoughts. What seems to
be stressful for one may not be stressful another. Therefore, stress is
highly relative. Stressors depend on how people perceive them.
Stressors for adolescents include the following:
PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES
Physiological changes such as onset of reproductive hormonal
activity and gradual sexual maturity can cause adolescents to
experience confusion and anxiety about what is happening to their
body.
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UNDESIRABLE PERCEPTIONS ABOUT THEMSELVES,
LOW SELF-STEEM, OR SEARCH FOR THEIR IDENTITY
With the transition from childhood to adolescence and the
social adjustments that goes with it, teenagers may feel conscious
and awkward about how they look and how others may regard or
accept them. Some may be driven to search for their identity. These
feelings of uneasiness, awkwardness, and uncertainly create stress
or tension which sometimes dampen self-steem.
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DIFFICULTY IN MEETING THE EXPECTATIONS OF
OTHER PEOPLE
As adolescents, they are expected to perform roles such as
sons or daughters, students, peers, citizens, and others. There are
norms, rules, and standards that they need to conform to. This need
to conform to the expectations of people around them creates
pressure and stress on the part of teenagers. Failure to do so results
in feeling of being isolated and rejected by the other members of
society.
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ANXIETY EXPERIENCED IN TRYING ON NEW TYPES OF
CLOTHING AND DIFFERENT HAIRSTYLES
Teenagers would like to appear good before their peers. That is why
they try on new clothes, hairstlyes, accessories, and other stuff to look their
age. They become mindful of the latest trends and fashions. As they do so,
they become conscious of how other people would perceive their looks and
appearance. To a certain extent, this creates stress among adolescents.
STRAINED RELATIONSHIPS WITH PARENTS OR SIBLINGS
Misunderstanding and conflict among family members can
sometimes lead to strained relationships. Sources of friction such as
differences in personalities, prioritization, lack of time, sibling rivalry,
jealousy, money matters, among others may bring about stress and anxiety
on the part of teenagers.
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SEPARATION OF PARENTS
Unexpected separation of parents may adversely have an impact on
teenagers particularly on the emotional aspect. Feeling of
uncertainty, lack of assurance, and bewilderment may occur as
young people start to feel a sense of incompleteness or lack of
togetherness in the family. In some cases, this can dampen their self-
esteem.
SEVERE PROBLEMS, CHRONIC ILLNESS,DEATH,OR
TRAGEDY IN THE FAMILY
Sadness, hopelessness ,and depression may creep in if any of
the family members , suffer from chronic illness. This is something
not anyone would wish to
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happen to any of the immediate family members or even to
close relatives. Death or tragedy in extreme cases can create
a storm of emotional stress and tensions on the part of the
teenager.
FINANCIAL PROBLEMS IN THE FAMILY
Financial matters may pose some concern for young
people as they venture into new challenges in school,
community, and other endeavors. School obligations for
instance necessitate the need of finances. The inability to
cope with monetary requirements definitely creates stress not
only on the family, but on the teenagers as well.
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UNSAFE LIVING ENVIRONMENT
The day-to-day discomfort brought about by living in an
unsafe environment can cause teenagers to feel stressed. Hazards
may be in the form of air, chemical, or noise pollutants, obstructive
pathways, or damaged structures that may pose real danger to a
teenager’s health or life.
PEER PRESSURE TO DO CERTAIN THINGS AGAINST
THEIR WILL
When peers put pressure on fellow teenagers to do things
against their will, internal conflict ensues. There are times when
teenagers simply give in to the pressure
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just to feel accepted by the group and evade further debate or
conflict. But deep inside, they feel uncomfortable about things they
are being asked to do.
PROBLEMS WITH FRIENDS OR CLASSMATES IN
SCHOOL; BEING BULLIED
Any strain in the relationship with equals, peers, or
classmates can bring about stress on the part of teenagers.
Relationship problems may be caused by jealousy, differences in
values and priorities, love interest, bullying, or hurt ego.
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SCHOOL DEMANDS AND PRESSURES (GRADES,
HOMEWORK)
Some teenagers may fi d it difficult to cope with the
challenges and demands of school such as completing homework
and projects and passing quizzes and exams. The pressure to obtain
good grades and pass the subject oftentimes produce a stressful
condition among young individuals.
MOVING OUT OF OR CHANGING SCHOOLS
Transferring from one school to another necessitates social
adjustment on the part of the teenager. The challenge of obtaining
appreciation
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creating new friends as well as adjusting to a new environment
altogether generate some level of stress.
LEARNING DIFFICULTY
The struggle to understand the lessons being taught in school
creates stress and anxiety for teenagers with learning difficulty. Not
to mention the feelings of confusion, embarrassment, and isolation
they feel as they struggle to keep pace with their classmates who
have no trouble understanding the lessons. As a result, they end up
with a feeling of not belonging to the class.
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HEAVY SCHEDULES, INABILITY TO FIND TIME FOR
RELAXATION
Balancing one’s schedule to be able to have time for one’s
friends and family at the same time fulfill his/her obligations to the
school, community organizations, or a part-time job can cause a
teenager to feel stressed or frustrated.
CAREER DECISIONS
At a young age, teens are sometimes pressured by their family
to decide on the course they would take in college after graduating
from high school. This comes with the intention to prepare them for
their future career.
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However, the lack of exposure to and knowledge about the different
professions coupled with the pressure to make a decision about the
course they would like to take in college can cause confusion and
anxiety on the part of the teenager. This is why some college
students shift from one course to another.
BREAKUP WITH ONE’S BOYFRIEND OR GIRLFRIEND
teenagers who experience a breakup may suffer from stress
because of their inability to cope and move on on. Feelings of guilt,
shame, frustration, depression, hopelessness, loneliness, and
isolation, as the case may be creep in.
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SEXUAL HARRASMENT
Young people who have become victims of sexual harassment
may suffer from stress, anxiety, depression, sleep disorder, change in
appetite, and low-esteem. Such an unwelcome gesture of a sexual
nature, either verbal or physical, may affect the teenagers’
performance in school or at work.
PRESSURE TO TRY DRUGS, ALCOHOL, OR SEX
The pressure to try things such as drugs, alcohol, or sex causes
fear, confusion, or anxiety on the part of teenagers. Feelings of guilt
may also occur after giving in to the pressure which results in
teenagers feeling stressed.
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The circumstances cited above may be too much to bear for some
adolescents, particularly if these happen simultaneously. It is
important for young people to watch out for signs that signal
stressful conditions.
STRESS WARNING SIGNS
There are cognitive, emotional, physical, and behavioral
symptoms of stress. The table provided by Helpguided.org lists
some of these common warning signs and symptoms. The more
signs and symptoms present, the closer a person may be to stress
overload.
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COGNITIVE SYMPTOMS
Difficulty in recollection
Trouble in concentration
Poor sense of judgement
Negativism
Feelings of anxiety
Persistent worrying
PHYSICAL SYMPTOMS
Pain and discomfort
Diarrhea or constipation
Nausea, dizziness
Chest pain, fast heart rate
Frequent colds
EMOTIONAL SYMPTOMS
Problems in controlling one’s temperament
Irritability
Tension and restlessness
Overwhelming feeling
Feeling of lonesomeness and solitude
Downheartedness and despair
BEHAVIORAL SYMPTOMS
Excessive eating or skipping meals
Excessive sleeping or lack of sleep
Isolation
Delaying or deserting repsonsibilities
Using alcohol, cigarettes, or drugs for relaxation
Nervousness symptoms such as nail biting and
pacing back and forth
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These are just a few of the many symptoms of stress. There
might still be other symptoms not mentioned in the table.
When severe stress becomes uncontrolled and unmanaged for
a long period of time, it may lead to burnout. When this happens,
nervousness, hostility, withdrawal, chronic illness, or addiction to
drug or alcohol may set in.
STRESS RESPONSE
The human brain is on the lookout if an alarming situation
threatens its equilibrium. The onset of a stress response is
associated with some physiological changes in the body. These
bodily changes include fast heart rate, increased blood flow,
elevated blood sugar level,
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and dilated pupils.
Physiologists argue that there may be varying responses to
different stressors and not just one set of reactions.
Fight-stress response means individuals opt to confront and
face the situation. They fight back, struggle with, contest, or
complete with the source of stress.
In freeze-stress response, individuals hold back, leaving all
physiological reactions on hold thereby creating tension or tremble.
This happens in case when retaliating is not appropriate such as in
school or at work.
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Similarly, when being disciplined by parents or authorities,
individuals hold back and freeze. People who are held under physical
arrest or threatened with losing their life if they strike back do not
have any options but to repress their feelings and emotions.
FACTORS INFLUENCING THE DEGREE OF STRESS
TOLERANCE
SUPPORT SYSTEM
A solid support system or group of caring family members and
friends can serve as a healthy shield to protect adolescents from the
storms and turbulence during the transition period. Without a good
network of dependable people, the more isolated teenagers will
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SENCE OF CONTROL
 A sence of control gives adolescent the confidence to direct their lives and
take command over resource under their influence to better manage varying
stressful situations.
ATTITUDE AND OUTLOOK
• Positive thingking is a good weapon against uncertains and difficulties in life
ABILITY TO DEAL WITH EMOTION
 The ability balance ones emotion is a skills that should be learned by
adolescent to overcome the clalenges ofb the transition from clildhood and
adulthood
KNOWLEDGE AND PREPARATION
 The more young people know about issues controvesies
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POTENTIAL HEALTH HAZARD OF TEEN STRESS
Unchecked stress may have damaging result to adolescent health.
Some if the potential health hazard brought about by stress are the
following;
Eating disorder
Drugs and or alcohol abuse
Depression
Hurting themselves or teen suicide
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become, making them more vulnerable to stress.
EFFECT OF STRESS ON THE BODY
The following are the effects stress on the body:
Migraines
Dizziness
Acne
Upset stomach
Elevated blood pressure
Irritability
Chest pain
Strain on the heart
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Impairment of brain memory cells
Fat deposit on the waist
Ulcers
Loss of hair
Depression
Appearance of aging
Weakened immune system, which can make even a head cold
difficult to fight off
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WAYS TO MANAGE STRESS
Managing stress is actually manage ones self.

STRESS MANGEMENT TECHNIQUES FOR SPECIFIC CASES

There are way on how to manage stress in specific difficult
condition which maybe linked to health problems such as obesity
depression and substance abuse
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OBESITY
Eat more vegetables and fruits
Aviod fatty food
Do way with dunk food and fast food
Eat small chunks of food and chew them well

DEFRESSION
Here are the some self coping to overcome depression

1. CULTIVATE SUPPORTIVE AFFILITIONS.

Have someone to talk to about personal feelings.
Offer a helping hand to someone in need.
Wnjoy a meal with friend
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2. FEEL ENERGETIC
Enjoy the sound od music
Chat with friends while talking a walk
Exercise more often

3. AVIOD
Think and feel positive
Accept imperfections

4.ENGAGE IN ACTIVITIES THAT CREATE A GOOD FEELING.

Enjoy nature
Take some time to relax
Take a warm shower
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5.EAT A HEALTH DIET
Aviod skipping meals
Cut down on sugar and refined carbohydrates
Take vitamins
Eat nutritious foods
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