HOW A

SOCIETY IS
ORGANIZED
OBJECTIVES
• Understand and discuss the composition of society based
on the various groups that compose it;

• Identify and define the different types of groups in

society;

• Explain the role that social groups play in the formation of

identities, values, attitudes, and beliefs; and

• Describe the organized nature of social life and the rules

governing behavior in society.
• Beyond the individual, groups are the smaller units that
compose society.

• Regardless of size, however, membership in groups

constitutes a fundamental aspect of our social existence
and being.
• A social group is a collection of individuals who have
relations with one another that make them interdependent
to some significant degree.

• A social category is a collection of individuals who have at

least one attribute in common but otherwise do not
necessarily interact.

• A social aggregate is a collection of people who are in the

same place at the same time but who otherwise do not
necessarily interact, except in the most superficial of
ways, or have anything else in common.
GROUPS
WITHIN
SOCIETY
PRIMARY GROUP
• It is a small, intimate, and less specialized group whose
members engage in face-to-face and emotion-based
interactions over an extended period of time.

• Primary groups are the first groups where an individual

experience his or her initial encounter with social affinity
and belonging.

• In the Philippines, the primary group affiliation of Filipinos

is based on kinship ties.
SECONDARY GROUP
• It is a larger, less intimate, and more specialized group
where members engage in an impersonal and objective-
oriented relationship for a limited time.

• Throughout an individual’s lifetime, he or she will have

different set of primary and secondary groups.

• The pressure to form a primary relationship within

secondary groups is quite high in modern societies.
IN-GROUP
• It is a group to which one belongs and with which one feels a sense
of identity.

1. Members of such groups devise ways to distinguish themselves

from nonmembers.

2. Members within a certain in-group display positive attitudes and

behavior toward their fellow members for the most part, while they
may exhibit negative attitudes and even form negative views toward
members of their out-groups.

3. As similarities and shared experiences foster unity and cooperation

among group members, differences with nonmembers could
transform into feelings of competition and even hostility.
OUT-GROUP
• It is a group to which one does not belong and to which he
or she may feel a sense of competitiveness or hostility.

• Individuals from an out-group are usually considered

malevolent even if they are not.

• There are still remaining questions that continue to

challenge the dynamics of different groups within a
society.
REFERENCE GROUP
• It is a group to which an individual compares himself or
herself.

• The reference group is considered a source of role

models since the individual uses it as a standard for self-
assessment.

• It is not necessary for an individual to engage in face-to-

face interaction with his or her reference group.
SOCIAL
NETWORK
NETWORK
• It refers to the structure of relationships between social
actors or groups.

• A network perspective in examining the multitude of

social relationships and group memberships entails a
dynamic appreciation of their interrelated and
interdependent nature.

• A social network provides a bigger pool from which

people draw their possible sources of identity, self-
esteem, and self-actualization.
THANK
YOU!