NUMBER SYSTEM IN

COMPUTERS
CARL C. GLORIOSO
INSTRUCTOR
WHAT IS A NUMBER?

A number is a value in mathematics that can be used

to measure, count, or label objects. Arithmetic
computations are done with numbers. Natural numbers,
whole numbers, rational and irrational numbers, and so on
are examples of numbers. The number 0 also denotes a null
value.
WHAT IS THE NUMBER SYSTEM?
• A writing method for expressing numbers is called a number system. It is the mathematical
notation for consistently employing digits or other symbols to represent numbers within a
specific set. It gives each number a distinct representation and shows the figures' algebraic
and mathematical structures. Arithmetic operations such as addition, subtraction,
multiplication, and division can also be performed using it.

Any digit in a number can have its value ascertained by:

• The digit
• Its position in the number
• The base of the number system
USES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS IN COMPUTERS
• Representation of Data in Computers:
Computers rely on the binary system, which has a base of 2, for their internal
data representation. Binary digits, also known as bits, are essential for both
expressing and processing digital information within computer systems.
• Memory addressing:
In computing, memory addresses are often represented using the
hexadecimal system, which has a base of 16. This choice offers a more concise and
human-friendly method to convey extensive binary values, especially when
expressing memory addresses.
USES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS IN COMPUTERS
Digital electronics and logic design:
• The binary system is extensively employed in digital circuits within electronics to
signify signals and execute logical operations. Binary digits, represented as 0 and 1,
directly correspond to the on/off states of electronic switches in these circuits.
Computer programming:
• In computer programming, hexadecimal proves to be a widely utilized system. It
serves as a compact representation of binary data, facilitating programmers in
comprehending and crafting code, particularly when dealing with memory addresses
and low-level operations.
USES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS IN COMPUTERS

• Communication protocols:
Binary, with its straightforward 0s and 1s, holds a prominent place in
communication protocols for data transmission. This system provides a direct
and uncomplicated means of conveying information, ensuring that electronic
devices can interpret and process the data accurately.
TYPES OF NUMBER SYSTEMS
There are various types of number systems in mathematics.
The four most common number system types are:
• Decimal number system (Base- 10)
• Binary number system (Base- 2)
• Octal number system (Base-8)
• Hexadecimal number system (Base- 16)
DECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM (BASE 10
NUMBER SYSTEM)
• The decimal number system, with a base of 10, utilizes the ten digits from 0 to 9. In this
system, the positions to the left of the decimal point represent units, tens, hundreds,
thousands, and so forth. Decimal numbers express values in this system, where each
position signifies a specific power of the base (10).
• (1×103) + (4×102) + (5×101) + (7×100)
• (1×1000) + (4×100) + (5×10) + (7×1)
• 1000 + 400 + 50 + 7
• 1457
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM

• In the binary number system, we only use two digits 0

and 1. It means a 2 number system.
• Each digit in a binary number is called a bit. So, a binary
number 101 has 3 bits.
Example of binary numbers: 1011, 101010, 1101101
BINARY NUMBER SYSTEM
Steps in Converting Decimal to Binary:
• Step 1: Divide the given decimal number by 2 and note down the remainder.
• Step 2: Now, divide the obtained quotient by 2, and note the remainder again.
• Step 3: Repeat the above steps until you get 0 as the quotient.
• Step 4: Now, write the remainders in such a way that the last remainder is written first,
followed by the rest in the reverse order.
• Step 5: This can also be understood in another way which states that the Least Significant Bit
(LSB) of the binary number is at the top and the Most Significant Bit (MSB) is at the bottom.
This number is the binary value of the given decimal number.
EXAMPLE: CONVERT THE DECIMAL
NUMBER19 TO BINARY AND VICE-VERSA
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

• Hexa means six and decimal means ten, hence the word hexadecimal. There
are 16 digits in a hexadecimal number system, therefore. It has the first five
letters of the alphabet after the numbers 0 through 9. These are:

HEXADECIM 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 A B C D E F
AL
DECIMAL 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15
HEXADECIMAL NUMBER SYSTEM

Steps in Converting Decimal to Hexadecimal:

1. Divide the decimal number by 16.
2. Note the remainder (it will be a digit in hexadecimal).
3. Replace the original number with the quotient from the division.
4. Repeat steps 1-3 until the quotient is 0.
5. The hexadecimal equivalent is the sequence of remainders read in reverse
order.
EXAMPLE: CONVERT DECIMAL 221 TO
HEXADECIMAL AND VICE-VERSA