Brings

AIR SERVICE TRAINING (ENGINEERING) Ltd
Bearings
Locating a shaft with maximum

radial restriction and/or axial
restriction, yet allowing the
greatest possible freedom of
rotation.
Classified by type of rolling
element -
1
Bearings
Ball Bearings
Steel balls which rotate in grooved
raceways
Roller Bearings
Cylindrical, tapered or spherical rollers
running in suitably shaped raceways
Both types operate under continuous
rotary or oscillatory conditions -
2
Bearings
Ball bearings and Tapered Roller

bearings
Radial and axial loads
Other types - carry mainly radial
loads.
Low carbon steel containing nickel,
molybdenum and chromium -
3
4
Bearings
 After machining, the bearing components

are carburised to provide a hard, wear
resistant surface
 Bearing cages or separators are made
from sheet steel, brass and plastic -
5
Bearings
 High standards of accuracy

 Balls and rollers are normally held to
diametrical tolerances of 0.0001 inch
(0.00254mm) or less.
 Caged bearings - engine applications and
in equipment with rotational speeds in
excess of 100 RPM -
6
Bearings
 Other aircraft bearings are intended for

oscillating or slow rotating conditions and
do not have a cage
Generally sealed and/or pre-packed with
grease -
7
Ball Bearings
 Radial
 Angular
 Thrust
 Instrument Precision -
8
Ball Bearings
*** Top tip
Ball Bearings can be generally placed into

4 groups …
Radial, Angular, Thrust & Precision
9
Radial Ball Bearings
Most common type

Balls - single or double rows, rigid or
self aligning
Metal shields or synthetic rubber
seals, to retain lubricant and exclude
foreign matter -
10
Radial Ball Bearings
 Retained in a cage but may be crowded

ball races
Filling slots in the inner and outer rings to
allow individual insertion of the balls
Allows a larger number of balls to be used
 Crowded ball races - slow rotation or
oscillating -
11
12
Ball Bearings
*** Top tip
Ball Bearings are used mainly for

Radial Loads
13
Angular Bearings
 Accept radial loads and axial loads in one
direction only
 Single bearing may be used
 Axial loads in both directions an opposed pair of
bearings is often used.
 The outer ring is recessed on one side to allow
the ball and cage assembly to be fitted
 Allows the use of more balls and the cage to be
in one piece -
14
15
Thrust Bearings
 Axial loading only
 Normally – used with a roller bearing or radial
ball bearing
 Balls are retained in a cage and run between
washers having either flat or grooved raceways
 Centrifugal loading on the balls has an adverse
effect on the bearings - most suitable for
carrying heavy loads at low speeds -
16
Thrust Bearings
*** Top tip
Thrust Bearings are used mainly for

Axial Loads
17
Instrument Bearings
 Used mainly in instrument equipment

 Made to a high degree of accuracy and
finish
 Generally of the radial bearing type
without filling slots -
18
Roller Bearings
Cylindrical
Spherical
Tapered -
19
Cylindrical Bearings
 Capable of carrying greater radial loads
than similar size ball bearings
 Some - light intermittent axial loads
Usually roller diameter and length are equal.
 Needle roller bearings use rollers which are
several times longer than their diameter
 Designed for radial loads
Where movement is oscillatory rather than rotary
-
20
Needle Roller Bearings

 Used where space is limited
 Cage and roller assembly
 Shaft of the component acting as the inner ring
 Particularly susceptible to the effects of
misalignment and lack of lubricant
 Subject to Brinelling due to lack of rotational
movement
 Brinelling is indentation of the surface of a
material resembling the indentations formed
during a Brinell hardness test -
21
22
Taper Roller Bearings

 Axes of the rollers form an angle with the shaft
axis
 Accept simultaneous radial and axial loads in
one direction
 Axial loads - both directions, two tapered roller
bearings are used
 Mounted back to back
 Wheel bearings
 Correct lubrication is essential, particularly at
high speeds -
23
24
25
26
Plain Bearings
 Sintered bronze
 Lightly loaded drive shafts and intermediate
supports on shafts
 Sintered bushes are especially useful where the
bearings are inaccessible for lubrication after
assembly
 Tin/copper/graphite composition compacted and
sintered to provide a porous structure
 About 25% to 30% of the volume of a sintered
bearing is available for holding lubricating oil
 Normally carry radial loads -
27
Plain Bearings
 Flanged bushes have a larger diameter
portion at one end to provide location and
to serve as a light thrust bearing.
 Solid plastic bushes - bearings in small
mechanisms, hinges, pivots and linkages.
 Thermoplastic and thermosetting plastics
Epoxies, Phenolics, Nylons and PTFE.
Flanged plastic bushes are available
 Interference fits -
28
29
Sintered Bearings
*** Top tip
Sintered Bearings are used as self-

lubricating bushes because they have a
Porous Structure that will retain
Lubricating Oil
30
Spherical Roller Bearings
 One or two rows of rollers - spherical

raceway in the outer ring
 Allows the bearing to accept a small
amount of misalignment between opposite
bearings
 Can withstand heavy radial loads and
moderate axial loads from either direction -
31
Spherical Bearings
 Different from roller or ball bearings
 Control push pull rods or tubes
 Permit some side movement where linear
motion causes some misalignment
 Grease nipples - lubricated and sealed at
manufacture.
 Must be inspected for radial movement of
the spherical portion
 During assembly - properly aligned -
32
Spherical Bearings
33
Bearing Pre-Loading
 Bearing setting that is tighter than metal to metal
 Increased rigidity in the bearing is required
 Stabilise housing walls, shafts and bearings
 External loads - movement of all three will be
reduced to a minimum
 Initially - pre-load or end clearance
 Ensure - constant metal to metal contact when
the bearing is rotating -
34
Bearing Pre-Loading
 Consideration radial and axial expansions

and deflections of the bearing housing
 Prevents hammering and damage to the
tracks and ensures correct meshing of
gears under load -
35
ANY QUESTIONS ?

Brings

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AIR SERVICE TRAINING (ENGINEERING) Ltd

Locating a shaft with maximum

Ball bearings and Tapered Roller

 After machining, the bearing components

 High standards of accuracy

 Other aircraft bearings are intended for

Ball Bearings can be generally placed into

Radial Ball Bearings

Most common type

Radial Ball Bearings

 Retained in a cage but may be crowded

Ball Bearings are used mainly for

Thrust Bearings are used mainly for

 Used mainly in instrument equipment

Needle Roller Bearings

Taper Roller Bearings

Sintered Bearings are used as self-

Spherical Roller Bearings

 One or two rows of rollers - spherical

 Consideration radial and axial expansions

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