Lecture 11 A

Magnetic Dipole and Electric quadrupole moment of the Deuteron

-----The Tensor force
Now we would expect that  =  d
n
+ p

But in reality  d
  n + p

We have been assuming that the deuteron is in l=0 state, but we shall see that it is not
always so.

Now  p =2.7925 N
  1.9128
n N

The experimental value of  d is 0.8574 N

Thus the difference between the theoretical and experimental value of μ N is minimal , but

nevertheless it indicates that there is small uncertainties in the theory . The simplest

explanation is that the assumption that the ground state of the deuteron is always l=0 , is not

very correct.
1
  u r P ( e ............11 A.1
im

r
l lm

If the deuteron is in an l  0 state , there is no ,  dependence since

P 1
00

P  cos
10

P  sin 
11

Hence  is a function of r only which implies spherical symmetry.

Now the experimental value of the quadrupole moment for deuteron turns out to be

0.0028emb which is a small value nevertheless it is present.

Meaning ?

This implies that the wave function is not a simple l  0 .

Explanation

The state of the deuteron is not only l  0 , but in addition there is another state with

l2 .

Essentially the wave function contains a mixture of l : in fact they are much closer to

the results for l  0 than for other l s. For I=1 and a maximum value of S=1,
1 1
since S    1 or 0.
2 2
If Ior  l  S  1
l  0, S  1
 2, S that
Now conservation of parity lrequires  1 we cannot mix up odd l s and even l s
Hence the wave function can be represented as follows

  a  a 
1 1s 2 2d

Meaning of the above ?

l0
The system spends a fraction ? of its time in an state and a another

l2
fraction ? In an state .
  0state
2
 deuteron is in the a .04 for only 4 percent of the time.
2
Soa the
1
0.96
2
l2
As far as S is concerned it remains 1 only that is unchanged.

From classical mechanics linear momentum can be changed only a force , whereas

as angular momentum can be changed by a torque.

Now the torque acting on the body is

V
r  F  rF  



A changing orbital angular momentum means that the potential is a function of

not only r since a central force is defined as one for which V is a function

of r

while in a non central force which also a tensor V is a function of r and θ

Repulsive

Attractive