Covalent bond

Science 8
 Covalent bond

Forms when atoms share one or more pairs of

electronsin chemistry, the interatomic linkage that

results from the sharing of an electron pair between

two atoms. The binding arises from the electrostatic

attraction of their nuclei for the same electrons. A

Polar covalent bond
In polar covalent bonds, such as that
between hydrogen and oxygen atoms, the
electrons are not transferred from one
atom to the other as they are in an ionic
bond. Instead, some outer electrons merely
spend more time in the vicinity of the other
atom. The effect of this orbital distortion is
to induce regional net charges that hold the
atoms together, such as in water molecules.
 Covalent compounds
• A covalent compound is made when two or more nonmetal atoms bond by
sharing valence electrons. The shared valence electrons between two
nonmetal atoms is called a covalent bond. Covalent bonds are formed
when two atoms begin sharing electrons
 Properties
1 Covalent compounds generally have much lower melting and boiling
points than ionic compounds .
2 Covalent compounds are soft and squishy (compared to ionic compounds
Anyway
On the other hand ,covalent compounds have these molecules which can
very easily move around each other, because there are no bonds between
them . As a result ,covalent compounds are frequently flexible rather than
hard.
 Use of Covalent compounds
• Ex.
• Most of the clothes that wear consist of covalent compounds only
• Most of the food material that we use to sustaining life are formed due to
the formation od covalent bonds only
 Molecular compounds
• In this chapter ,you will learn about another type of bond in which
electrons are shared.
• Covalent bonds are atoms held together by Sharing electrons between
Nonmetals
 Single Covalent bond
• A single covalent bond consist of two atoms held together by sharing 1
pair of electrons (2e)
Electrons Dot Structure
 Shared Versus Unshared Electrons
• A shared pairs is a pair of valence electrons that is shared between atoms

• An unshared pairs is a pair of valence electrons that is not shared between

atoms
 Double covalents bonds
• Sometimes atoms attain noble gas configuration by sharing 2 or 3 pairs of
electrons
• A double covalent bond is a bond that involves 2 shared pairs of electrons
 Triple Covalent bond
• A Triple Covalent bond as a bond that involves 3 shared pairs of electrons
Covalent bonds
 Polar bonds and molecules
• These are 2 types of covalent bonds
Non Polar Covalent bonds (share equality)
Polar Covalent bonds (share unequality)
 Polar and non polar Covalent
• Polar Covalent is unequal sharing of electrons between 2 atoms (HCI)

Non Polar covalent is equal sharing of electrons 2 atoms (CI,N,O)

 Thank you
submitted to Mrs.Mildred masagca
by: Elaine and angeline