Diesel Locomotives- Introduction

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Layout of WDM2 Locomotive
Datasheet of WDG3A Loco
 Wheel Arrangement : Co-Co
 Track Gauge : 1676 mm The WDG3A locomotive is powered by DLW built 16 Cyl.
 Weight : 123 t ± 2% ALCO 251 B design uprated, fuel-efficient engine capable of
 Length over Buffers : 19110mm producing 3100 HP at 1050 rpm under standard conditions. The
 Wheel Diameter : 1092 mm engine shall deliver 2900 HP at site condition and power input to
 Gear Ratio : 18: 74 traction alternator at site shall be 2750 HP.
 Min radius of Curvature : 117 m
 Maximum Speed : 100 Kmph
 Diesel Engine : Type: 251 C, 16 Cyl.- V Major Parameters of various Diesel Locomotives
 HP : 3100
 Brake : IRAB-1
 Loco : Air, Dynamic
 Train : Air
 Fuel Tank Capacity : 6000 litres
 Traction Alternator type : T A 10102 EV
 Aux. Generator Type : A G 3101 AY-1
 Exciter type : A G 3101 AY-1
: TM 4907BZ (With roller
 Traction motor type suspension bearings)
 Eddy Current Clutch - Gear Box type
(Gear Ratio 1:1.312) : EC 9005/2M/GB 11 A/M 1.312
 Tacho Generator type : T G 1404 AZ/M
 Axle Generator type : A G 903 CX/M
 Traction Motors combination used : 2S-3P 100% FF & 6-P 100%
 Various Parts of Locomotive
 A Diesel Locomotive is divided in main 8 parts as follows-

 Nose compartment  Engine room

 Driver's cabin  Expressor/Compressor compartment
 Control panel  Radiator Room
 Traction Gen./ Alt. compartment  Under truck

Locomotive Terminologies
 Nose compartment, Driver's cabin, Control compartment, Radiator room with Under truck is called as
Locomotive:
 Short hood end
 Long hood end
 Right side of locomotives
 Left side of the locomotive
 Generator room, Engine room and Expressor room is called as Diesel engine:
 Right side of the engine & Left side of the engine
 Power take off end & Free end
 Driver’s Cabin, Nose Compartment
Nose Compartment: Driver’s Cabin
This compartment houses dynamic grid Driver drives the locomotive from control stands on which air brake
resistance, grid blower motor, sand box, control valves, pressure gauges indicating lube oil, fuel oil & booster
panel mounted brake system, head light etc. air pressure, mechanical & electrical speedometer and load meter etc.
are provided.
 Some important components fitted in  Control stand.
Nose compartment are as –  Gauge panel
 Dynamic braking grid resistance
 Driver's seat.
 Grid cooling Blower & Motor
 Hand brake.
 Battery Knife Switch
 IRAB Brake system Panel Control Stand parts
 Control air reservoir  Selector handle.
 APU etc.  Throttle handle.
 Reverser handle.
 A9V/V handle.
 SA9 V/V handle.
 Indication lamp for Hot engine,
Ground relay, Wheel slip.
 Horns (SH & LH).
Traction generator/ alternator compartment
Traction generator, excitation gen., auxiliary generator and front traction motor blower are housed in this
compartment.
 The following traction machineries are fitted-
 Excitor Traction Generator/ Alternator
 Traction Gen/Traction Alternator  It produces DC/AC current for operation
 Rectifier (in case of T.A.)
 Aux. Generator. of all Traction Motors, its field excitation.
 T. G. Gear box.
 FTMB
Auxiliary Generator
 This is a DC generator.
 It supplies current for batteries
charging on loco.
 It supplies current for operation of CC
Ex.Motor, Fuel P/P motor, ECC coil
assly, Relays and lighting etc.

Front Traction Motor Blower

 It is gear driven from the main generator
shaft.
 It supplies air to the Tr.motors No-1,2,3
fitted with wheel axle below the driver
cabin.
Engine Room compartment
Diesel engine is kept in this compartment. Other important items of this compartment are after cooler, turbocharger,
governor, fuel injection pump, fuel oil filter, lube oil filter, compressor spline coupling, extension shaft, lube oil pump and
water pump.
 Free end: TSC end of the engine.
 Generator end: Power take off end of engine.
 Engine cylinder are numbered from the free end. Right (1R)
and left (1L).
 The following components are fitted -
 Engine base, Engine block,
 After cooler, TSC, Exhaust manifold
 Governor, FIP & support, Cylinder head,
 Crank Case Exhauster Motor, Lube oil P/P, Water P/P.

Engine Block:
 Engine block houses 8 cylinders in each side in V arrangement.

 In this way, total 16 cylinders can be fitted in an Engine block.

 In engine block,There is cavity for cooling water circulation.
 Engine block is of steel plate,welded together and mounted on Engine base (Crank case) with the help of nuts and bolts.
 One V type gallery is provided as Air inlet manifold.
Main Components of Engine Block
 Crankshaft
 16 Cylinder Engine Crankshaft


No of Main Bearings- 9

Location of Centre Journal- 5
 No. of Crankpins- 8
 For Lifting - 2 & 7
 For Support- 3 and 7

 Camshaft
 3 Cams are provided for each Cylinder
 Opening and closing Inlet and Exhaust valves.
 Timely injection of fuel in Cylinder.
Main Components of Engine Block

Cylinder Head Piston Connecting Rod

 Centrifugal type
pump
 Located on the free end  Gear type pump
 Driven by the Crank shaft  Mounted on the free end
 Discharge pressure- 25 PSI.  Driven by the diesel
(Min.)
engine
Water pump Lube oil pump
Main Components of Engine Block
Turbosupercharger
 Air charge of higher
density during suction
stroke of piston
 Fitted above after cooler
housing at free end.
 Pressure upper limit:
1.80- 2.20 kg/cm2.
FIP and Fuel pump support
 FIP injects the fuel oil in the
cylinder through HP tube &
Fuel injector.
 It is mounted on FI Support.
After Cooler
 Cool the inlet air.
 The cooler consists of-
 a tube bundle mounted
 in the air intake passage
Governor
 Controls the speed of the diesel
engine by regulating the rate of fuel
injection.
 Electro-Hydraulic Gov. (GE)
 Mech–Hydraulic Governor (WW Gov.)
 Microprocessors Controller Based
Governor(MCBG)
Compressor compartment
Compressor is kept here. It produces compressed air which is used
for loco control, air brake system. Fuel booster pump and motor are
also kept here.
 Compressor
 Fuel Booster P/P motor.
 Air intake filter.

 Compressor
 Low pressure Cylinder,
 High pressure cylinder.

 Inter Cooler

 Air governor.

 Driven by diesel engine through a flexible coupling.

Radiator compartment
Radiator compartment has two (left and right) radiator panels, lube oil cooler, radiator fan,
right angle gear box for driving radiator fan, eddy current clutch which connects right
angle gear box to diesel engine's extension shaft.
 Horizontal Shaft.  Right angle gear box.
 RTMB & Pulley.  Universal Shaft.
 Lube oil CLR.  Radiator fan.
 Radiators core.  Lube oil filter tank.
 ECC  Expansion tank (155 ltrs)

 Radiator and Radiator fan

 Vertically mounted- Rear of the locomotive.
 Dissipate heat from water & exhausting the hot air through roof opening.
 Radiator Fan- A single thermostatically controlled engine cooling water fan.
 Driven by universal joint vertical drive shaft, through the ECC & right angle
gear box.
Undertruck and Bogies
The locomotive is equipped with two high adhesion Co-Co bogies. This has two-
stage suspension. Helical springs in the primary stage and rubber sandwich
springs in the secondary stage have been provided. Vertical and lateral hydraulic
dampers have been provided in the primary and secondary stages respectively. All
traction motors are arranged unidirectional to decrease weight transfer.
Bogies serve a number of purposes-
• To support the rail vehicle body.
• To run stably on both straight and curved tracks.
• To ensure ride comfort by absorbing vibrations and minimizing centrifugal forces when
the train runs on curved tracks at high speeds.
• To minimize generation of track irregularities and rail abrasion.

Key components of a bogie include:  3 axle, Independent Driven Bogie

• Vertical Damper (Primary Suspension)  CO-CO type,
• Wheel Set Assly.  Three point loading (Tri-mount Bogie)
• Outer & Inner Spring (Primary Suspension)
 Pivot Pin -60%
• Side Bearer (Secondary Suspension)
• Lateral Damper (Secondary Suspension)
 Side L/Bearer-40%
• Bogie Frame 
Adhesion-27%.
• Brake Cylinder 
Suspended traction motor arrangement.
• T.M. Air Duct
• Traction Motor