Hydro Power

Renewable Enegry
Source
Presented By – Group 2, ENV107.06
Introduction
Humans' primary energy source at the moment is
nonrenewable fossil fuels. The continued use of
fossil fuels at the current rate is thought to
contribute to global warming and worsening
climate change.
Some Events

1970’s oil crisis Chernobyl nuclear accident

Environmental Impact of Traditional Energy Sources

01 Greenhouse emissions & pollutants

02 Air pollution

03 Water pollution

04 Loss of biodiversity

05 Socio-environmental unfairness
06 Moral & ethical ramifications
Major renewable energy sources

Solar Energy Hydropower Geothermal

Wind Energy Biomass Wave & Tidal

Significance of renewable green energy sources

01 Lowering greenhouse gas emissions

02 Mitigate climate change

03 Energy security & independence

04 Enhancing public health
05 Socio-economic sustainability
Purpose of The Presentation

Evaluate current structures & condition

Assess the possibilities & feasibility

Recommendations according to our country & laws

Hydropower in Bangladesh
● Present reliance on a single hydroelectric plant since 1955.
● Infeasibility of large-scale hydropower due to flat terrain and low-gradient rivers.
● The government's shift to small-scale hydropower is exemplified by the Karnafuli facility (230 MW) in the
Chittagong hill tract.
● Emphasis on the need for diversification for reliable and inexpensive electricity.
Benefits, Challenges, and Strategies
Benefits:
• Cost-effectiveness and ease of
maintenance compared to solar
energy.
• Micro-hydro power plants like
Barkal Upazila address power
system reliability in rural areas.
Challenges:
• Environmental issues, animal
migration disturbance, and
water quality problems.
• Significant upfront costs, land
acquisition challenges, and
susceptibility to weather
fluctuations.
Strategies:
• Surveying suitable locations,
emphasizing pumped storage
hydropower.
• A hopeful growth strategy by
2030, despite challenges, with a
focus on topographic mapping,
planning, community
participation, and security
measures.
Technological challenges
Despite having many advantages, there are still
technological challenges. It is quite a challenge to make
sure that hydropower plants can easily connect to the
existing power grid. Integrating hydropower with other
renewable resources faces challenges due to
unpredictable water flow and environmental impacts
from dam construction.
Economic Considerations

Initial Costs: Government incentives

Initially, we have to bear some costs for The government provides incentives such as
constructing hydropower plants tax credits and financial support to encourage
the development of hydropower projects.

Long-term benefits: Government subsidies

But hydropower plants offer long-term Subsidies involve direct financial
benefits through extended infrastructure assistance from the government to mitigate
lifespan and low operating costs. the cost of hydropower production or
Additionally, reservoirs provide advantages consumption.
like water storage and flood control.
Successful transition Models of Hydropower

A few driving nations have effectively transitioned their

hydropower divisions to meet present-day vitality requests and
address natural concerns.
Norway, Brazil, China, and Switzerland have been operating
hydropower systems successfully for the last few years and
they are updating their hydropower system for more efficient
use.
These countries are also increasing the number of hydropower
in their country so that they can gain more renewable energy
for use.
These are some pictures from the countries who use the hydropower system.
China is one of the first leading country who has the largest number of Hydropower plants in the world.
Every year they produce the highest amount of electricity by hydropower in the world.
• China have more than 46,758 hydropower stations in their country which leads them
to be number 1 position in the world .
• As of 2021, China operates four of the world's six largest dams.
• According to GlobalData, hydropower accounted for 17% of China's total installed
power generation capacity and 16% of total power generation in 2021 .
• In 2022 China accounted for a large portion of the world's total
hydropower capacity, totaling 414.8 gigawatts
Corporate initiatives to renewable energy
Various companies around the world have recognized the significance of transitioning to renewable vitality for
both natural and financial reasons.
• Apple has been a pioneer in corporate supportability and renewable vitality selection. The company
committed to utilizing 100% renewable vitality over its worldwide operations, counting information
centers, workplaces, and retail stores.
• Apple has marked control buy understandings (PPAs) for renewable vitality from wind and sun
oriented ventures. The company has contributed in and upheld the improvement of renewable
vitality ventures, contributing to the expansion of clean vitality to the lattice.
Policies and Regulation

Bangladesh has been aggressively working to develop hydropower as a means of supplying the
country's expanding energy needs. The integration of hydropower into the overall energy mix is
outlined in the nation's Power Sector Master Plans and Renewable Energy Policy. To stimulate
private investment in hydroelectric projects, incentives and subsidies are offered, such as tax
exemptions and lower import tariffs for equipment. ESIAs, or environmental and social impact
assessments, are used to guarantee sustainable development by reducing adverse effects on the
environment and nearby communities.
Key Regulations Promoting Hydro Power
Bangladesh's regulatory structure, which consists of multiple
important regulations and frameworks, encourages the growth of
hydropower.

● The Bangladesh Energy Regulatory Commission (BERC) Act of

2003 designates BERC as the industry regulator for the electricity
business, controlling prices and guaranteeing a level playing field.
● These efforts are strengthened by the Water Act of 2013, which
offers rules for the fair and responsible management of water
resources—an essential component of hydropower projects that
depend on water extraction.
Agreements and partnerships for global Hydro
Power goals
Numerous collaborations and agreements have been established on a global scale to
support the growth of hydropower as an essential and sustainable energy source.

● Mekong River Commission (MRC): Countries such as China,

Cambodia, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam have signed memorandums
to work together to jointly tackle the potential problems posed by
hydroelectric projects along the Mekong River.
● Grand Ethiopian Renaissance Dam (GERD): This dam on the Nile
River is an example of diplomatic negotiations between Ethiopia,
Sudan, and Egypt to resolve issues about its construction and
operation.
Challenges and opportunities in cross-border
cooperation
In Bangladesh, there are several obstacles to cross-border cooperation for
hydropower.

● Initially, conflicts over the use of common rivers and waterways might cause
diplomatic strain and postpone the completion of projects.
● The last point is that environmental issues might differ between nations and cause
conflict, such as the ecological effects of hydroelectric projects.

Cross-border collaboration in Bangladesh for hydropower has several prospects despite

the obstacles.
• By offering a dependable and sustainable source of electricity, cooperative projects improve
energy security for engaged nations.
• Cooperative hydropower initiatives help member nations achieve their climate targets by
lowering their combined carbon footprints.
Future Prospects
Advanced Turbines
• Boosting Efficiency in Low-Head
Rivers
• Biopolymers: Nature's
Sustainable Solution
• Bangladeshi Ingenuity: Tailoring
Turbines to Local Waters
Smart Control Systems Integration with Other
Renewables
Optimizing Renewables Together:
• AI-powered Dam Sharing Infrastructure and resources
Management: A Brain for the for cost-effective clean energy.
Brawn Bangladesh's Hybrid Pioneer: Leading
• Green Guardians: Balancing the way with innovative wind-
Power with Nature hydropower

Environmental Mitigation Advanced Monitoring and Sensing

Technologies:
• Saving the Fins: Fish-Friendly Turbines
and Passages
• Building Green: Rethinking Dams for
Low-Impact
• Bangladesh's Eco-Champions: CREE
Leads the Way in Sustainable Hydropower
Technologies:
• Seeing is Believing: Real-Time Monitoring for Healthy Dams and
Ecosystems
• Talking Dams: Advanced Communication for Smarter Decisions
• Bangladesh's Watchful Eye: IWE Leverages Technology for Sustainable
Hydropower
Global Targets
Current and Future Renewable Energy Targets:

● Global Shift to Renewables: Paris Agreement and IRENA's

ambitious goals for a renewables-powered future.
● Bangladesh's Clean Charge: Targeting 40% renewables by 2030,
led by small-scale and run-of-the-river hydropower.

The Role of International Organizations:

• IRENA: Lending a Technical Hand - Supporting developing countries

with expertise and capacity building.
• Financing for the Future: World Bank and Beyond - Funding renewable
energy projects and promoting sustainable hydropower practices.
• Reaching Out, Learning Together: Bangladesh's Global Collaborations –
Accessing support, sharing expertise, and building a brighter future for
all.
Conclusion
Bangladesh, being a country with flowing rivers and geographically many wetlands, has great
potential in hydropower as the future of sustainable green energy, despite hiccups on land use,
aquatic wildlife, and overall water pollution. Though it contains sufficient hurdles like fish
migration, pico-plants, sediments, etc., we can still implement hydropower extensively, like in
Norway, China, Canada, Brazil, etc., with advanced turbines, control flaps, and smart integration
with other renewable energy sources. Incentives like the IRENA organization and the GERD dam
programs, as well as the implication of laws like ECA (1995), EIA, and BERC (2003), can pave our
way to the implementation of hydropower and its steady inclusion in grid electricity. In conclusion,
to ensure the 2030 energy sustainability motto of Bangladesh, we should innovate and introduce
hydropower as the primary renewable energy source in the foreseeable future.
 Thanks!
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