Anchors & Anchor Work

Ship Manoeuvring & Collision Prevention Regulations

 Introduction
• Anchors are designed as temporary mooring of a ship to the
seabed
• Ships normally carry three anchors – two bower and one spare
anchor
• Bower anchors are two working anchors, one on each bow
• The spare anchor is lashed and stowed close to the forecastle deck
• In addition, some ships may carry an anchor at the stern – stream
anchor
• Mainly of two types – stocked or common and stockless
Forecastle Mooring Layout
Stock / Common Anchor
 Stock Anchor
• Stock must weigh one quarter the weigh of the remainder of
anchor
• When stock strikes seabed, it turns horizontal –great stability
• Holding power of roughly three to four times it weight
• No moving parts
Disadvantages
• The upper fluke may get caught in the bight of the cable.
• Difficult to stow in hawse pipe
• Upper fluke may damage other crafts in shallow waters
Stockless Anchor
Stockless Anchor
 Stockless Anchor
• Head is made of cast iron and weighs 60% of body weight
• Shank made of cast or forged iron
• Shank is attached to the head with crown pin
• Head can pivot between 30º to 45º about the shank
• Pivot enables the head to lie flushed against shipside when the anchor is stowed in the
hawse pipe Holding power is three to four times its weight
• Nature and size of the flukes affects the holding properties
• When lowered, the anchor lands on its head and the flukes then dig into the seabed
• Ease of heaving home into the hawse pipe and letting go
• Moving parts may get choked
• Having no stock is unstable and the head may rotate 180º when dragging under heavy load
Types of Stockless Anchors
 High Holding Stockless Anchor
Admiralty Cast Type Stockless
Anchor – AC 14 Type
• Used on modern vessels
• Has twice the holding power
than conventional stockless
anchor
• Good stability due to stabilizing
fins at extremities
 High Holding Stockless Anchor
Danforth Stocked Anchor
• Fitted on small warships ships
and boats
• Stock passes through the head of
the anchor
• Holding power about 14.2 times
its own weight
 Anchor Holding Power
• Anchor's holding power depends on:
o Weight, fluke area
o Type
o Bottom characteristics (holding ground)
o Angle of the anchor with the seabed
• Effect of chain length used on the anchor holding power
o Amount of length paid out
o Weight of chain
o Depth of water
o Height of hawse pipe
Weight & Holding Power of Anchors
Anchor Holding Power Graph
Sea Bottom Type Holding Power of Class A anchors

Sand and hard clay 4 – 6 times anchor weight

Mud and medium clay 3 – 5 times anchor weight

Soft mud and soft clay 2 – 3 times anchor weight

Markings On An Anchor

• Anchors tested in accordance with Anchors

and Chain Cable Rules
• Markings permanently stamped in a
conspicuous place on the anchor
• X indicates position of test certificate
number
• YYY indicates the position of certifying
authority identification
 Anchor Certificate
Issued after being subject to a specified proof load
Certificate contains
• Type of anchor
• Weight excluding stock in KGs
• Weight of stock and head
• Length of shank and arm in mm
• Diameter of trend
• Proof load applied in tonnes
• Identification of proving house, official mark and government mark
• Number of test certificate
• Year of licence
• Details of testing & inspection
Anchoring System Arrangement
Anchoring System Components