cfN;k ikyu izca/ku

izlo lehi vkus ds

O;ogkj
y{k.k
• vyx gksuk “kkjhfjd cnyko
• ,dkarokl • Fku esa nq/k vkuk
• ,d fuf”pr txg ij jguk • ;ksfu esa L=ko
• cSpsu
• dqYgk ds ekWl
• ukM+h dh nqcZyrk
esa fLFkyrk
• iqWN esa ,asBu
• isV dk uhps
• ckj ckj is”kkc djuk
•
yVduk
iats lsa tehu [kksnuk
• Ckkj ckj mBuk cSBuk • cxy esa x<~<k
• [kkuk ihuk de djuk cuuk
Clean perineal region vs. Dirty
Clean environment vs. Dirty
 Stages of Parturition
• Stage 1 - early labor - 1 to 3 hours
– cow nervous, isolates herself, up & down, kicks at
flanks, tail head and area around vulva very
relaxed
• Stage 2 - Hard labor and delivery - 1/2 to 2 hr
– usually down and pushing, membranes show, then
feet and finally delivery
• Stage 3 - Delivery of placenta - < 8 hours
• Do not intervene the process unless absolutely necessary
Ikzlo dh lekU; voLFkk
• Mqcdh ekjus dh voLFkk
• flj vxys iSj ij jguk
• ryok uhpsa dh vksj jguk
• dqYgk dk pkSMk Hkkx
• ihNs dh vksj (not breech) ls Hkh tUeuk Hkh
lekU;
lekU; voLFkk esa tUe
Final Sensory
RoleNeurons
ofinOxytocin
Cervix
Sensory Neurons in Cervix

Oxytocin from
Posterior Pituitary

Myometrial
Contractions
Abnormal Calf Positions
 Presentation

Elbow lock backward

 Cont..

One leg back Both legs back

 Cont.

Head back Breech

 Cont.

Four front legs Front and back

Fig 45-1. Malpresentations, such as this backwards presentation, are more
common in multiparous than in primiparous
Mechanical
calf jacks can
generate over
1700 pounds
of force on
the calf and
should only
be utilized in
extreme
situations and
with extreme
care
Tksj (Placenta) dk ckgj fudyuk
Care of the Born Calf
• “okl ysus esa en~n
& “okl uyh ,oa eqWg ls E;qdl lkQ
djuk
& fiNyk nksuks IkSjksa dks idM+ dj
myVk >qykuk
& Nkrh ds nksuks rjQ ls] isV ls xyk
dh rjQ nckrs gq, c<+uk
& “okl uyh esa frudk Mkyuk
 POST-PARTUM DISEASES
• Uterine prolapse
• Vaginal prolapse
• Acute septic metritis (puerperal metritis)
• Mastitis
• Retained placenta
Purse string suture
 ukfHk dkVuk

• dc& \ \ \ 2 ?kaVs ds vanj

 [khl@Qsuql fiykuk

The iron content of colostrum is 10 to

17 times higher in colostrum than
normal milk.
 Colostrum Vs milk
Milking number
1 2 3 11
Component Colostrum Transitional milk Whole milk
TS, % 23.9 17.9 14.1 12.5
Fat, % 6.7 5.4 3.9 3.9
Protein, % 14.0 8.4 5.1 3.1
A’b, % 6.0 4.2 2.4 0.09
Lactose, % 2.7 3.9 4.4 4.9
Minerals, % 1.11 0.95 0.87 0.74
Vitamin A, 295 190 113 34
ug/dL
 Calf starter:

• from 4-5 week of age.

• It has 18-20%CP.
• It help to stimulate rumen function more
earlier.
• Good quality of green fodder should also be
offered.
 Calf starter formula:

S.N Ingrdient Parts

1 Wheat bran ( xsgqW dk 20
pksdj)
2 Maize ground ( edbZ) 25
3 Ground cakes ([kYyh) 15
4 Rice polishing (pkoy dh 20
dqUuh)
5 Molasses (xqM+) 15-20
6 DCP+ Saltfed(ued+)
may be 2 weight
daily at rate of 1% body
 Milk replacer(up to 3 month) :
S. vo;o Ikzfr”kr (%)
N
1 eDdk@xasgqWa 45 35 22
2 xasgqWa dk pksdj 22 35 40
3 eqWxQyh@lks;kc 30 27 35
hu
dh [kYyh
4 [kfut feJ.k 2 2 2
5 ued 1 1 1
 Calf Starter(3 to 6 month) :
S. Ingrdient %
N
1 eDdk@xasgqWa 30 15 20
2 xasgqWa dk pksdj 45 60 55
3 eqWxQyh@lks;kc 22 22 22
hu
dh [kYyh
4 [kfut feJ.k 2 2 2
5 ued 1 1 1
 Care and management of heifer:
• Extra teat should be removed in 7-10 days.
• Heifers can be raised outdoors or indoors but outdoor
rearing is more economical.
• 1.5-2.0 kg concentrates should be given per day.
• Protect the animal from extreme environmental
conditions.
• For proper growth rate and early maturity there should be
proper housing according to age and size.
• Overcrowding in the sheds are avoided and fresh clean
water must be available every time.
• Vaccinate the animal according to schedule and deworm
them regularly for endo and ecto parasites.
• Teach heifer to lead at an early stage.
• Rations low in calcium and phosphorus is given
in last 3 weeks so that natural mechanism of
calcium production is triggered in the animals.
• In high producing animals the udder hard tense
and distended so milking may done before the
parturition in order to relief the animal.
• At time of parturition paramedical staff should
be available for any abnormality. i.e dystokia,
RFM etc.
 Cka/;kdj.k

• jDr jfgr
• va.M dks”k das
uyh dks dkVuk
• dksbZ ?kko ugh
cuuk
• VsVul dk u gksuk
• Burdizzo

• Elastrator
dc & 7& 10 fnu esa
 Healing of disbudding wounds. Cautery of the skin around the horn buds, with no major
involvement of bone, results in relatively superficial wounds. The classic model of wound healing
is divided into three or four sequential, yet overlapping, phases: hemostatis, inflammatory,
proliferative and remodeling.

Days after:
a) 4
a c b) 14
c) 30
d) 30 - healthy tissue
under the scab, that
forms during healing
process

b d
 6. CALF DIARRHOEA

• Aetiology
–a.) Bacteria
Escherichia coli
Salmonella spp
Campylobacter spp
Clostridium perfringens
 CALF DIARRHOEA

–b.)Virus
• Rota
• Corona
• Bovine viral diarrhoea
 CALF DIARRHOEA
• C.) Protozoa
– Cryptosporidium muris
– Eimeria
• D.) Helminths
– Toxocara vitulorum
– Haemonchus contortus
– Ostertagia spp
– Trichostrongylus spp
– Moniezia expansa
 CALF DIARRHOEA

• E) Deficiency
– Disaccharides
– Vit A
– Copper
• F)Physical
– Excess milk feed
– Inferior milk replacer
• G) Chemical
– Magnesium sulphate
 CALF DIARRHOEA

• Secondary
– Naval ill
– Pneumonia
– Arthritis
– Otitis
 CALF DIARRHOEA
• Clinical signs
– Dullness
– Depression/comatose
– Sunken eyes
– Inappetance/anorexia
– Temperature ↑ or ↓
– Pulse ↑
– Respiration ↑
–Diarrhoea
–Faeces - Yellow/Whitish yellow
Semi solid/watery
Foul odour
–Muscular weakness
–Posture
 CALF DIARRHOEA

• Treatment
–Identification of the primary cause
–Correction of Acid-Base imbalance
–Diet regulation
–Symptomatic therapy
–Specific therapy
 COCCIDIOSIS
• Aetiology
– Eimeria zuernii
– Eimeria bovis
– Eimeria ellipsoidalis
– Eimeria alabamensis

• Young calves are commonly affected

 COCCIDIOSIS
• Clinical signs
– Dullness
– Pyrexia
– Tenesmus
– Faeces – yellow/scant/blood
– Opened anal sphincter
– Rectal mucosa exposed
 COCCIDIOSIS
• Clinical pathology
– Faecal examination
– Count > 5000 oocysts/g of faeces

– Necropsy
– Congestion and thickened mucosa of
intestine
– Clotted blood or blood stained faeces
• Treatment COCCIDIOSIS
– Isolated affected calf
– Amprolium
• 10 mg/kg b.wt for 5 days
• 5 mg/kg b.wt for 21 days
– Nitrofurazone
• 10 mg/kg b.wt for 5 days
– Sulphadiazine
• 200 mg/kg b.wt P.O and I/V
– Monensin
• 1 mg/kg b.wt for 28 days
 HELMINTHIASIS
• Causes
– Toxacara vitulorum
• Clinical signs
– Loss of body weight
– Poor coat
– Anaemia
– Pot belly
– Diarrhoea
 HELMINTHIASIS

• Treatment
– Anthelmintics
• Piperazine salts – 100 to 200 mg/kg P.O
• Pyrantal pamoate – 250 mg/calf
• Levamisole – 7.5 mg/kg P.O
• Ivermectin – 0.2 mg/kg S/C
– Fluids & electrolytes
 CALF PNEUMONIA
• Aetiology
• Bacteria
• Pasteurella spp.
• Klebsiella spp.
• Virus
• Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis
• Para influenza - 3
 CALF PNEUMONIA
• Clinical signs – Bacterial pneumonia
• Moist painful cough
• Nasal discharge
• Dullness
• Anorexia
• Depression
• Stands with abducted elbow
• Head & neck extended
• Temperature, pulse and
respiration -↑
 CALF PNEUMONIA

• IBRT – clinical signs

• Dull
• Somonolent
• Anorexia
• Tucked up belly
• Harsh cough
• Nasal mucosa – congested
• Nasal discharge – purulent
• Conjunctivae - congested
 CALF PNEUMONIA
• Para influenza – clinical signs
• Harsh hacking cough
• Occular discharge – serous
• Conjunctivitis
• Temperature ↑
• Rhinitis
• Diarrhoea
 CALF PNEUMONIA

• Treatment
–Antibiotics
–Vit.Bcomplex
–Antihistamines
 VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS
• Aetiology
Dictyocalus viviparous
• Clinical signs
– Inappetance
– Persistent cough
– Dyspnoea
– Standing posture
– Head and neck extended
– Anaemia
– Emaciation
– Fever
 VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS

• Clinical pathology
– Faecal examination
– ELISA tests
– Necropsy – wormsin trachea bronchi
 VERMINOUS BRONCHITIS
• Treatment
– Inj. Ivermectin – 0.2 mg/kg b.wt S/C
– Inj, Doramectin – 0.5mg/kg b.wt S/C
– Albendazole – 7.5 mg/kg b.wt P.O
– Fenbendazole – 5 mg/kg b.wt P.O
– Oxfendazole – 4.5 mg/kg b.wt P.O
– Inj. Levamisole -7.5 mg/kg b.wt P.O
– Bolus Ivermectin – 0.2 mg/kg b.wt P.O
– Bolus Fenbendazole – 5mg/kg b.wt P.O
 HYPOVITAMINOSIS A
• Aetiology
–Feeding diet low in vit.A
Cereal grains, Beet pulp, Cotton
seed hulls
Dried forage
–Animal confined in pasture dry grass
 HYPOVITAMINOSIS A
• Clinical signs
– Intermittent convulsions
– Depression
– Blindness
– Anorexia
– Stargazing
– Domed forehead
– Diarrhoea
 HYPOVITAMINOSIS A
• Clinical pathology
– Serum vit.A conc. (5 mcg/dl)
(Normal 25 to 60 mcg / dl )
– Serum Carotene level (9 mcg/dl)
(Normal 150 mcg/dl)
– Hepatic vit.A LEVEL (2 mcg/dl)
(Normal 60 mcg / dl)
– CSF Pressure (>200 mm saline)
(Normal < 100 mm saline)
 HYPOVITAMINOSIS A

• Treatment
– Inj.Vitamin A 440 iu/kg b.wt i/m
3000 – 6000 IU/kg i/m, 50-60 days
– Vit. A powder
2.8 mg/kg b.wt.bolus
4,25,000 U/50 gallons water
10 g in drinking water
– Vit. A requirement
40 IU/kg b.wt daily
 HYPOMAGNESAEMIC TETANY - CALVES

Etiology
–Dietary deficit of magnesium
–Calves older than 2 month on milk
diet
–Roughage low in magnesium
–Chronic diarrhoea reduce
magnesium absorption
 HYPOMAGNESAEMIC TETANY - CALVES

Clinical Signs
– Constant ear movement
– Hyperaesthesia to touch
– Apprehensive when approached
– Retraction of eye lids
– Exaggerated tendon reflexes
– Head-shaking, droopy ears
– Opisthotonus
– Ataxia
– Difficulty getting to bucket
– Tremor
– Kicking at belly
– Frothing at mouth
– Limb tetany
– Convulsions, trismus, apnoea, clonic-tonic limb
movements
– Defecation, Urination
– Retraction and protrusion of eyeballs
– Tachycardia
– Cyanosis
– Death
 HYPOMAGNESAEMIC TETANY - CALF

Clinical Pathology
–Serum Mg levels below 0.8 mg/dl
–Fall in serum calcium level
–Bone Ca: Mg ration 90:1
–Urine Mg levels depressed
 HYPOMAGNESAEMIC TETANY - CALF
Treatment
– Mg sulphate 10% soln. 100 ml i/v slow
– Dietary supplementation of Mg from 7 day’s old
and continued to 10 week old
– Mg 1 g/day to 5 weeks
– 2 g/day to 10 weeks
– 3g / day after 10 weeks
– Stallfed calves on milk diet need Ca, Mg and vit
D supplement
Thanks