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TRAVERSE
TRAVERSE
BEARING AZIMUTH
Latitude, L
S
Bearing, ce,
The latitude of a line is its projection on the north- a n
θ st
south meridian. Di
W E
The departure of a line is its projection on the east-
west line.
Latitude, L Departure, D
L = S x cos θ D = L x sin θ
(+) North Latitude (+) East Departures
(-) South Latitude (-) West Departures
S
Bearing, θ 2 2 2
Θ = () S =L + D
“If start at one corner of a closed traverse and walk its lines until you
return to your starting point, you will have walked as far north as you
walked south and as far east as you have walked west.”
∑Departure = 0 θ1 θ3
3
Legend:
5 θ4
(+) (-) 4
(+) (-) θ5
MISSING DATA
Example:
A closed traverse is given with missing data. Determine all unknowns.
Course Length (m) Bearing
1-2 38.40 S52°51’E
2-3 24.92 S7°53’E
3-4 43.55 S81°42’W
4-5 32.91 N32°50’W
5-1 ----- -----
Example:
A closed traverse is given with missing data. Determine all unknowns.
Course Length (m) Bearing
1-2 38.40 S52°51’E D 1
2-3 24.92 S7°53’E
3-4 43.55 S81°42’W 52°51’ 38.40m
4-5 32.91 N32°50’W L S
32.91m
3
32°50’ 81°42’
43.55m
4
Example:
A closed traverse is given with missing data.
Determine all unknowns. D 1
` Course Length (m) Bearing
L = S x cos θ
Latitude
D = S x sin θ
Departure
1-2 38.40 S52°51’E 52°51’ 38.40m
2-3 24.92 S7°53’E L S
3-4 43.55 S81°42’W 2
4-5 32.91 N32°50’W θ
5-1 ----- ----- 7°53’
5
24.92m
∑Latitude = 0
Θ = ()
∑Departure = 0
32.91m
3
(+) North Latitude 𝐒 =√ 𝐋 + 𝐃
𝟐 𝟐
32°50’ 81°42’
43.55m
(+) East Departures
(-) South Latitude 4
(-) West Departures
Example: D 1
A closed traverse is given with missing data. 38
Determine all unknowns. . 40
52°51’ m
Course Length (m) Bearing Latitude Departure L S
1-2 38.40 S52°51’E -23.19 30.61 2
2-3 24.92 S7°53’E -24.68 3.42 θ
3-4 43.55 S81°42’W -6.29 -43.09 7°53’
0 0 32.91m
S=√ L +D
3
∑Latitude = 0
-23.19 + (-24.68) + (-6.29) + 27.65 + L = 0
2 2 32°50’ 81°42’
m
L = 26.51m 43. 5 5
Θ = () 4
∑Departure = 0
Θ = ()
30.61 + 3.42 + (-43.09) + (-17.84) + D = 0 Therefore, the length and bearing of
Θ = 45.42°
D = 26.90m
course 5-1 is 37.768m @ N45.42°E
A closed traverse has the following data:
Line Distance (m) Bearing
AB 24.22 S15°36’W
BC 15.92 S69°11’E
CD ----- N57°58’W
DA ----- S80°43’W
A closed traverse has the following data:
L = S x cos θ D = S x sin θ
Line Distance (m) Bearing Latitude Departure 𝐷 𝐷𝐴
D
AB 24.22 S15°36’W
BC 15.92 S69°11’E
𝐿𝐷𝐴 DA 80°43’
CD ----- N57°58’W
A
DA ----- S80°43’W
15°36’
∑Departure = 0 B 57°58’
-6.51 + 14.88 + 0.8477CD + (-0.9869DA) = 0 15.92m
0.8477CD – 0.9869DA = -8.37 Equation 2 69°11’ C
𝐷 𝐶𝐷
From Equation1 Substitute to Equation 2
CD = 0.8477() – 0.9869DA = -8.37 CD =
DA = 75.03m CD = 77.47m
A closed traverse has the following data:
L = S x cos θ D = S x sin θ
Line Distance (m) Bearing Latitude Departure 𝐷 𝐷𝐴
D
AB 24.22 S15°36’W -23.33 -6.51
BC 15.92 S69°11’E
𝐿𝐷𝐴 DA 80°43’
-5.66 14.88
CD CD = 77.47m N57°58’W 0.5304CD 0.8477CD
A
DA DA = 75.03m S80°43’W -0.1613DA -0.9869DA 15°36’
= -0.1613 DA = -0.9869 DA
= -0.1613 (75.03m) = -0.9869 (75.03m)
B 57°58’
15.92m
= -12.10m = -74.05m
69°11’ C
𝐷 𝐶𝐷
Line Distance (m) Bearing Latitude Departure
AB 24.22 S15°36’W -23.33 -6.51
BC 15.92 S69°11’E -5.66 14.88
CD CD = 77.47m N57°58’W 41.09 65.67
DA DA = 75.03m S80°43’W -12.10 -74.05
AREA OF A CLOSED TRAVERSE
CALCULATE THE AREA OF THE CLOSED TRAVERSE
L = S x cos θ D = S x sin θ
Course Length (m) Bearing Latitude Departure DMD Double Area
1-2 38.40 S52°51’E -23.19 30.61
2-3 24.92 S7°53’E -24.68 3.42
3-4 43.55 S81°42’W
-6.29 -43.09
4-5 32.91 N32°50’W
27.65 -17.84
5-1 37.77 N45°25’E
26.51 26.90
CALCULATE THE AREA OF THE CLOSED TRAVERSE
L = S x cos θ D = S x sin θ
Course Length (m) Bearing Latitude Departure DMD Double Area
1-2 38.40 S52°51’E -23.19 30.61 30.61 -709.8459
2-3 24.92 S7°53’E -24.68 3.42 64.64 -1595.3152
3-4 43.55 S81°42’W
-6.29 -43.09 24.97 -157.0613 SUM UP!
4-5 32.91 N32°50’W
27.65 -17.84 -35.96 -994.294
5-1 37.77 N45°25’E
26.51 26.90 -26.90 -713.119
= | ∑Double Area |
= | -4169.6354|
=