HPLP By-Pass

Ashutosh Mishra
 Introduction
• The Bypass system is an arrangement for dumping of steam into the
condenser when the turbine cannot admit steam into it or is running
on partial load.
• It is classified into:-
a) HP bypass system- bypasses HP turbine
b) LP bypass system – bypasses IP/LP turbine
• The bypass system not only helps in speeding up the process
of startup but also supports boiler in case of turbine trip.
• It is designed to reduce startup time as it controls both boiler
pressure and temperature.
 HP Bypass
• Bypasses HP turbine ,i.e., takes steam from FSH and dumps
into CRH.
• It consists of two pressure control valves and two
corresponding temperature control valves, of which the water
supply is from BFP discharge through a solenoid valve.
• All control valves are operated by oil pressure in absence of
which valves will get fully open if the blocking mechanism
falters.
 TT PT PT TO HPT
M.S ( LHS )

S- 109 PT

WARM UP

S -110 S -111 TT

BP – 1
TT
TT TT

BD – 4A
BPE – 1 BD - 2
BFP TO DRAIN
DISCHARGE BD – 4
BD – 1
TO REHEATER
BP – 2
TT TT TT TT

BPE – 2 BD - 3 WARM UP

S - 120 S - 121
TT PT PT PT TO DRAIN

S - 119 M.S ( RHS ) TO HPT

OIL SUPPLY UNIT OF HPBP
 HPBP OIL FLOW
Oil pump

Safety valve Control Valve operation

Oil filter Hydraulic Actuator

Oil accumulator Blocking Unit

Pressure Switch Servo Valve

HP Bypass control valve
 HPBP Control Valve
Blocking Unit • Servo Valve- Made up of an electric and a hydraulic
part. Converts electrical signals into servo oil pressure. It is
Servo actuated by an torque motor which gets analog commands
• valve
from desk.

• Blocking unit – Allows the pressure ( oil at a

sufficiently high pressure) to flow freely to the actuator. In
case of insufficient oil pressure, it holds the piston position to
its current position.

• Connection Block – oil from blocking unit goes

Fast Connecti through the connection block into the actuator
opening on Block
unit

• Fast opening unit – Supplies extra oil pressure for

heavy requirement of oil pressure during ‘ Fast Opening’. It’s
supply is currently in isolated condition ,i.e., fast opening of is
Control bypassed.
valve
 HP Bypass priority close
• Condenser vacuum low > -0.4 kg/cm²
• Downstream temperature very high > 380°C
• Turbine oil pressure very low
• Axial Shift very high
• Turbine shaft vibration very high
 HP Bypass fast open
• Turbine trip
• Reheater protection trip
• GCB open
• Emergency Fast open Push button
• Load shedding relay operated

All fast open criteria are currently disabled.

 LP Bypass
• It is to be operated in tandem with HP Bypass otherwise it
may result in over pressurization of reheater.
• It takes steam from HRH and dumps into condenser.
• It consists of two stop valves, two pressure control valves and
one spray valve.
• Spray water is supplied through CEP discharge.
• Pressure control valves are operated through oil pressure in
absence of which LP Bypass will trip.
 Charging of LP Bypass
• If LP Bypass gets closed before synchronization, boiler will
trip on Reheater protection.
• During cold startup, warm line should be opened before
charging LP Bypass. There is no such restriction in Hot
startups.
LPBP HPSU
LPBP HPSU
 LP Bypass protections
• Condenser pressure > 0.6 bar ( absolute)
• Condenser wall temperature > 90°C
• HPSU emergency off
• CF pump 1 & 2 trip and Position set point > -40%
• Water injection protection.
LPBP Operation
LPBP Operation
Pressure Controller
• Fixed set point:- Given manually but can be
obtained automatically by switching ‘ON’ AUTO
CONTROL INTERFACE.
• Sliding set point:- calculated by first stage pressure
( approx. First stage pressure divided by 3)

Flow Controller
• water is injected into steam before entering into
turbine.
• In case of turbine trip ( high reheater pressure), LPBP
control valve may open too fast demanding higher
water injection which can lead to condensate pumps
tripping. Therefore, a set value for opening of control
valves is generated depending upon downstream
pressure of the CV.

If LPBP is not tripped then SV would

open when pressure controller output is -
20%.
Water Injection Protection
THANK YOU