3 Quarter

rd

Science
(Physics)
 TOPICS
Motion in One Dimension
Waves
Sound
Light
Heat
Electricity
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Describe and calculate the motion
of an object in terms of distance or
displacement, speed or velocity, and
acceleration;
Differentiate quantities in terms of
magnitude and direction;
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Create and interpret visual
representation of the motion of
objects such as tape charts and
motion graphs;
Infer that waves carry energy;
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Differentiate transverse from
longitudinal waves, and mechanical
from electromagnetic waves;
Relate the characteristics of waves;
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Describe the characteristics of
sound using the concepts of
wavelength, velocity, and amplitude;
Explain sound production in the
human voice box, and how pitch,
loudness, and quality of sound vary
from one person to another;
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Describe how organisms produce,
transmit, and receive sound of
various frequencies (infrasonic,
audible, and ultrasonic sound);
Relate characteristics of light such
as color and intensity to frequency
and wavelength;
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES
Infer that light travels in a straight
line;
Infer the conditions necessary for
heat transfer to occur;
Describe the different types of
charging processes; and
 LEARNING COMPETENCIES

Explain the importance of earthing

and grounding.
 LESSON 5: Turning Back
BIG IDEA: Reflection of Light
THEME FOCUS: Images are
formed by mirrors because of the
reflection of light. The images

MOTION
formed vary depending on the
type of mirror used and the
object’s distance from the mirror.
 LESSON 5: Turning Back
BIG IDEA: Reflection of Light
THEME FOCUS: Images are
formed by mirrors because of the
reflection of light. The images

DIMENSION
formed vary depending on the
type of mirror used and the
object’s distance from the mirror.
 Lesson 7
Motion in One
Dimension
MAIN IDEA: The motion of
objects can be observed and
measured.
EQ: In what ways can we
describe and measure motion?
 Lesson 7.1 Motion
Motion
- a change in position of an
object with respect to a
reference point.
Position – the location of an
object with respect to origin
 Lesson 7.1 Motion
Kinematics – deals with
descriptive study of motion
Simplest type of motion –
motion in a straight path
(rectilinear motion)
 Motion is easy to recognize, but it
is difficult to describe motion
without mentioning quantities.
 Motion quantities are divided into:
- scalar & vector
 Scalar quantity – on that can be
completely described by its
magnitude and appropriate units
 Vector quantity – one that
requires direction in addition to
magnitude and units for complete
description.
 Vectors are represented by bold
letters, while scalars are
represented by light-faced letters.
 Displacement versus Distance

 Distance (scalar); Displacement

(vector)
 Distance – refers to the actual
length of path traveled by an object
from its initial position to its final
position
 Displacement versus Distance

 Displacement – refers to the

straight-line distance between the
initial and final positions, with the
direction pointing toward the final
position. (Final position – Initial
position)
 Fact or Bluff? Is it
possible for a runner to
cover a distance of 100
m and have a zero
displacement?
 Displacement versus Distance
 If an object moves in only one
direction during its motion, the
magnitude of displacement is equal
to its distance.
 If the object moves in different
directions during its motion,
distance is not the magnitude of its
displacement.
 Displacement versus Distance

 Distance is not equal to

displacement, since displacement
has direction while distance does
not.
 In linear motion, positive or
negative sign is usually used to
indicate direction.
 Displacement versus Distance

 As a convention, directions to the

right, upward, eastward, and
northward are considered positive
(+); directions to the left, downward,
westward, and southward are
considered negative (-).
 Distance versus Displacement

1) A student walks 150 m from his

house to the school eastward from
his house. What is his distance?
What is his displacement?
Ans: d = 150 m
d = +150 m or 150 m, east
Sample Problem 7.1
From point A, a sprinter runs a
distance of 700 m around an oval and
then returns to point A. What is the
distance she traveled? What is her
displacement?
Ans: d = 700 m; d = 0
Practice Exercise 7.1
A student walks 50 m due east. Realizing that he
had forgotten his book, he decided to go back
home. He had traveled 35 m due west when he met
his brother, who was carrying his book. After
receiving the book from his brother, he turns east
and walks his way to school with a distance of 50
m. Find the (a) total distance traveled and (b)
displacement of the student.
Ans: d=135 m; d=65 m, east
 Distance versus Displacement
Starting from the church, a procession has to take
the following route: 50 m, north; 40 m, east, and 60
m, north. To go back, it has to follow the same
route but in the opposite direction. What is the (a)
total distance traveled and (b) the total
displacement?
Ans: d = 300 m
d = 0, because the procession went back to
where it started
 Distance versus Displacement
Clarence walks 4 m to the east then
walks 3 meters north. Determine distance
and displacement.
Ans: d= 7 m; d = 5 m
 SPEED
You can see it on the speed limit sign by the
road; speedometer of vehicles; even the world
record for the fastest snail to cross a road.
Speed is the quantity used to describe the
distance traveled per unit time.
“per” – to divide by
Speed describes the rate of change of
position
 SPEED
Speed does not indicate the change in
direction. (scalar)
Common units: kph( kilometers per hour),
cm/s, m/s, cm/day
To compute speed:
speed = distance / time
Equation for distance and time can be
derived from equation of speed.
 SPEED
Are measured either on average or
instantaneously.
Average Speed – average rate of movement
during the entire travel time throughout the
entire distance traveled.
Formula:
Average speed = total distance/total time
 SPEED
Instantaneous speed
- speed at a particular time or instant during
the travel.
- It cannot be computed directly from the
distance traveled and travel time, but is
indicated by devices such as car’s speedometer
- average speed is usually not equal to
instantaneous speed
Sample Problem 7.2
1. A cheetah can travel 625 m in 25
s. What is its average speed?
Given: d = 625 m; t = 25 s
Find: average speed = ?
Solution (use the equation)
Ans: average speed = 25 m/s
Sample Problem 7.2
2. How far can the cheetah in the
previous problem go in 1 min?
Given: v = 25 m/s; t = 1 min
Find: d = ?
Solution: (derive the formula for
distance)
Ans: d = 1500 m
Sample Problem 7.2
3. How long will it take the cheetah to
run a distance of 5 km if it runs at an
average speed of 25 m/s?
Given: v = 25 m/s; d = 5 km
Find: t = ?
Solution: (derive the formula for distance)
Ans: t = 200 s
 Assignment:
Practice Exercise
7.2
 VELOCITY
Similar to speed; but it indicates direction of
a motion
Displacement per unit time
Vector quantity
Can be measured on average or
instantaneously
average velocity = total d/total travel time
 VELOCITY
Note: Average speed is not the magnitude of
average velocity; as well as distance and d.
Ex: A runner on a circular track may have an
average speed of 10 m/s but an average
velocity of zero if his displacement is zero
(initial and final positions are the same.)
Instantaneous velocity–velocity of an object
at a particular instant during its motion
 Sample
Problem 7.3
Sample Problem 7.3
1. A plane takes off from Zamboanga
City at 5:30 AM and is expected to
land in Manila, 852 km north of
Zamboanga City, at exactly 7:00 AM.
What should the plane’s average
velocity be for it to land in Manila on
time?
Sample Problem 7.3
2. A motorbike cruises eastward on a
straight highway at a constant velocity
of 10 m/s for 30 s. What is the
displacement of the motorbike?
 ACCELERATION
Defined as the rate of change of velocity
with time
Usually measured in m/s2
Velocity changes when: speed, direction, or
both change
Vector quantity
A free falling body accelerates at 9.8 m/s2
 Sample
Problem 7.4
Sample Problem 7.4
1. Martin rides a bicycle at 1.5 m/s
south. After 10 s, he is pedaling at 3.0
m/s south. What is his acceleration?
REPRESENTING
AND
INTERPRETING
MOTIONS
Displacement-time graph for (a) uniform and
(b) uniformly accelerated motions (refer to the
diagram in the book)
INTERPRETATION:
For uniform motion, the graph of
displacement-time is a straight line with a
slope equal to constant velocity.
For uniformly accelerated motion, the
graph of displacement-time is a parabola.