LECTURE 43

PSYCHOLOGY IN THE 21st

CENTURY
 Review of Lecture 42
 Before we look at some of the modern areas of
psychology, and see how the subject developed in
the late 20th and early 21st century let us first
review what we had covered in lecture 42.
 Before the revolution of 1949 China was under the
influence of American psychologists.
 The books of American psychologists notably,
William James and John Dewey were translated into
Chinese and became a part of the Chinese courses of
psychology.
 When the Communist party gained control of the country in
1949, they recognized psychology as an important field of
study.
 Psychology was recognized as a separate science in 1950 in
China.
 In 1956 a commission was established to prepare a plan for
the progress of psychology in China.
 As a result of recommendations of the commission and
other sources, three branches of psychology gained
permanence in China. They were:
i) Clinical Psychology
ii) Psychology of work and labour
iii) Educational Psychology
 These were the main features of the developments
of psychology in China after the revolution of 1949.
 Pakistan became an independent country in 1947. At
the time of partition there were only two
departments that offered master’s degree in
psychology.
 One at Dacca, East Pakistan, now Bangladesh
 The other was Government College Lahore,
affiliated to Punjab University where master’s
classes were held.
 Then Punjab University also set up the Applied Psychology
Department.
 Still later post graduate departments were opened at Peshawar
University , Karachi University and other colleges in Punjab.
 The main specializations taught at these institutions were:
 Psychodynamics, particularly the Freudian/Jungian
approaches
 Social Psychology
 Clinical Psychology
 Experimental and General Psychology
 Psychological Measurement
 Still later a National Institute of Psychology was set
at Islamabad, which undertook research in the areas
of developmental psychology, forensic psychology,
psychological measurement, etc.
 Most prominent educational institutions now offer
master’s and post master’s courses and degrees.
 We will now touch upon two relatively modern
areas of psychology, the organizational psychology
and the industrial psychology.
 Some types of organizational/industrial psychology
include:
 Organizational design

 Organizational culture
 Globalization

 Diversity

 Personality related factors in organizations

Motivation

Attitude

 Leadership

 Stress
  Fatigue

 Selection

 Training

 Another more recent expansion of the subject of

psychology is Environmental Psychology.
 Environmental psychology focuses on human
interaction with environment.
 It deals in how humans effect environment and how
in return environment effects human psychology.
 It includes topics such as
 Personal Space

 Territoriality

 Environment toxins

Noise, temperature, pollution etc.

 Organizational psychology, Industrial psychology,
Environment Psychology are some of the new areas where
modern psychology is growing and expanding.

RECAP
 We talked about organizational psychology including
globalization, diversity, organizational culture, motivation,
stress and leadership.
 We touched upon factors of selection, training and fatigue.
 And we reviewed the relationship between humans and
environment.
 Next we will take a note of some other recent
advancements in psychology.