INTRODUCTION

TO RIZAL AND
THE
HISTORICAL
 OVERVIEW OF THE
PHILIPPINE HISTORY
DURING RIZAL’S TIME
 • The Philippines during Rizal’s time was under Spanish colonial rule.
A. Overview of the Philippine history during Rizal’s time
• The Spanish introduced Christianity and established their influence causing a
disruption of traditional Filipino culture and belief.
• Rizal’s grew up during the period of intellectual awakening and emerged as a
prominent figure in the Filipino nationalist movement . He advocated for reforms,
education, and equality among Filipinos.
• Rizal’s writings, particularly his novels, Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusteresmo,
exposed the corruption and abuse of power by Spanish authorities. These literary
works ignited a spirits of resistance among Filipino people.
• Rizal and other revolutionary leaders organized various peaceful and moderate

reform movements, seeking change in the Spanish colonial rule.

• Rizal opposed violent revolution and instead advocated for peaceful means, including

civil rights, negotiations, and education, as methods to attain desired reforms and

ideals.

• Nearing the end of Rizal’s life, the Philippine Revolution against Spanish rule gained

momentum, leading to the establishment of the short- lived First Philippine Republic

in 1899, shortly after his execution in 1896.

• Rizal’s execution on December 30, 1896, by the Spanish colonial
government made him a national hero and martyr. His death became a
rallying point of the Filipino people’s struggle for independence, and it
further strengthened their resolve to fight for their rights and freedom.
 SOCIO-CULTURAL
BACKGROUND OF THE
PHILIPPINES IN THE 19th
CENTURY
 B. SOCIO-CULTURAL BACKGROUND OF THE PHILIPPINES IN THE 19th CENTURY

1. Social Structure
The Filipinos in the 19th century had suffered form feudalistic and
master slave relationship by the Spaniards. Their social structure is ranked
into three groups:

• Highest Class- the people that belong in this class include the
Spaniards, peninsulares, and the friars.
a. Spanish Officials- They have the power and authority to rule over the
Filipinos. They enjoyed their positions and do what they want.
 b. Peninsulares- ( Spaniards who were born in Spain). They held the
most important government jobs ,and made up the smallest number of the
population.
 c. Friars- are members of any of certain religious orders of men,
especially the four mendicant orders (Augustinians, Dominicans, and
Franciscans).
• Middle Class- the people that belongs into this class includes the
natives, mestizos and the criollos.

a. Natives- the pure Filipinos

 b. Mestizos- are the Filipinos of mixed indigenous Filipino or European
or Chinese ancestry
• Lowest Class- this class includes the Filipino only
a. Indios- are the poor people having pure blood Filipino which ruled by
the Spaniard.
2. Political System and the Sources of Abuses in the
Administration System

The Spaniards ruled the Filipinos in the 19 th

century. The Filipinos became the Spaniard’s slave.
The Spaniards claimed their taxes and they worked
under the power of the Spaniards .
 SOURCES OF ABUSES IN THE ADMINISTRATION
SYSTEM

1. There was an appointment of officials with inferior

qualifications, without dedication of duty and moral
strength to resist corruption for material advancement.
Through the power and authority the Spaniards possess,
they collected and wasted the money of the Filipinos.

2. There were too complicated functions to the unions of the

church and the state.
3.Manner of obtaining the position.
Through the power that the Spaniards possess, they
had the right to appoint the different positions. The
appointment of positions is obtained by the highest bidder
which is the Governor-general of the country.

4. Term of office
Term of office or term in office is the length of time a
person (usually a politician) serves in a particular office is
dependent on the desire of the King of the country.
5. Distance of the colony
The Spanish officials travelled to various places and
the needs of the Philippines were ignored. They did not put too
much attention to the needs of the other people. There were
inadequate administrative supervisions, they were unable to
face and solve the problems regarding to the Philippines.
There were also overlapping of powers and privileges of
officials which made them competitive.

6. Personal interest over the welfare of the State

7. They were corrupt during the 19th century and the
Alcaldias/Alcalde is considered as the most corrupt over the
other corrupts. The Alcaldias/Alcalde includes the
administrators, judges and military commandants. They
usually have P25/mo liberal allowances and privileges to take
a certain percentage of money from the total amount of taxes.
There were also monopoly trades or business practices known
as indulto para comerciar.
3. Education System
there are lots of criticism received in the educational system in
the Philippines in the late 19 th century. Below are the following:

1. Overemphasis on religious matters

2. Obsolete teaching methods
3. Limited Curriculum
4. Poor Classroom
5. Absence of teaching material
6. Primary education was neglected
7. Absence of academic freedom
8. Prejudice against Filipinos in the schools of higher learning
9. Friar control over the system
RIZAL’S EARLY LIFE,
EDUCATION, AND
FAMILY BACKGROUND
Jose Rizal’s Early Life

• Jose Rizal was born on June 19,1861.

• He was the seventh child of Francisco Rizal Mercado
and Teodora Alonzo y Quintos.
• Born in the town of Calamba in Laguna province.
• Jose grew up in a wealthy family and was a child
prodigy.
• He learned the alphabet by he age of 3.
• He could both read and write by the age of 5.
Rizal’s Education
• He graduated from the Ateneo Municipal de Manila at the
age of 16.
• He enrolled as a medical student at the University of Santo
Tomas in 1878
• He attend the Universidad Central de Madrid.
• He received his medical degree in 1884 at the age of 23.
• At the age of 24 he get another degree in the phylosophy
and letter.
Rizal’s Family Background
• He was the seventh child of Francisco Rizal Mercado y
Alejandro and Teodora Alonso Realonda y Quintos.
• He had nine sister and one brother.
• He grew up in a wealthy family.
• His parents were leaseholder of a hacienda and an
accompanying rice farm held by the Dominicans.
• His family was part of the mestizo origin.
Rizal’s Works
• Rizal published his first book in Germany in 1887 entitled
“Noli Me Tangere” which means “Touch Me Not”.
• In 1891, Dr. Jose Rizal published his second book “El
Filibusterismo” which means “ The Hand of Greed”.
MEMBERS:
Leader: Obag, Jhon Rafael
Arnaez, Artche
Oporto, Clarisa
Tangaro, Jessa M
Campasas, Myla A
Deparine, Mark Francis M
Atay, Alejandro James C
Magulta, Rachelle Ann D.