Pre-defense

Bone Fracture Detection with XAI

for Advance Medical Technology

Presented by Supervised by

Deep Sarker Ms. Sharun Akter Khushbu

201-15-13863 Lecturer (Senior Scale)

Department of Computer
Science & Engineering

Saturday 30 July 2014

 Contents
• Introduction
• Motivation
• Objectives
• Research Questions
• Related Work
• Research Gap
• Data Collection
• Data Processing
• Dataset Split
• Research Methodology
• Result and Analysis
• Interpretations
• Impact on Society and Environment
• Limitations and Future Work
• References

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 Introduction
• The field of medical imaging has undergone remarkable advancements in recent
years, revolutionizing the diagnosis and treatment of various health conditions
• This research integrates computer science and engineering for advanced bone
fracture detection, addressing challenges in manual methods with a robust
automated system.
• The focus is on diverse dataset collection and preprocessing to train effective
machine learning models.
• The proposed system enhances fracture diagnosis efficiency, optimizing healthcare
resources for improved patient car

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 Objectives
• Build ML algorithm for automated bone
fracture detection.

• Curate diverse dataset for robust training

• Preprocess data to ensure reliable model

training

• Evaluate system against manual methods

for performance

• Explore healthcare workflow integration

for efficiency

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 Motivation
• Efficiency Amidst Growing Cases: Addressing rising fractures and imaging demand,
our goal is to boost diagnostic efficiency.
• Automating Time-Intensive Diagnoses: We aim to automate fracture detection,
crucial for speeding up manual radiological interpretations.
• Precision in Complex Fractures: Leveraging tech to precisely identify and
categorize fractures, especially in complex patterns.
• Swift Impact on Patient Care: Timely detection directly improves patient outcomes
by reducing complications and enhancing overall care.
• Innovative Blend of Tradition and Tech: Our motivation lies in merging traditional
diagnostics with cutting-edge technology for streamlined healthcare efficiency

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 Research Questions
• How does machine learning detect and classify bone fractures in medical images?

• Which preprocessing techniques optimize medical imaging data for a Bone

Fracture Detection system?

• How does integrating the system into clinical workflows impact orthopedic
diagnostics' efficiency?

• How does the automated system improve bone fracture detection compared to
manual methods, enhancing patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency?

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 Related Work
• Haar wavelet-based compression excels in medical imaging for higher ratios and
improved PSNR values
• SIFT algorithm's resilience enhances X-ray image matching and classification
• Deep learning aids timely bone fracture detection in traumatology
• CrackNet exhibits robust fracture detection with high accuracy
• Hybrid SFNet with Canny edge outperforms in efficient bone fracture diagnosis

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 Research Gap
• Dataset Limitation: Annotated datasets scarcity hampers accurate bone fracture
detection model training.

• Ethical and Transparency Challenges: Responsible patient data use and algorithmic
transparency pose complex but critical issues.

• Integration Hurdles: Challenges involve user acceptance, health records

integration, and imaging system interoperability.

• Dynamic Healthcare Environment: Adapting to changes in imaging, demographics,

and practices needs ongoing monitoring and refinement

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Data Collection

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 Sample Data

Fractured Not Fractured

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 Data Preprocessing

• Resize
• Contour

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Data Set Split

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Research Methodology
Tools Used

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Research Methodology

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 Research Methodology
Used Models

Bone Fracture Detect

ResNet50

DenseNet121

VGG!6

RNN

LSTM

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 Research Methodology
Research process
• Model Selection
• Data Collection
• Preprocessing Steps
• Training Process
• Evaluation Metrics
• Interpretation Using SHAP
• Interpretation Using Saliency

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 Final Results
Algorithm Name Accuracy Precision Recall f1-score

ResNet 50 89% 91 89 88

DenseNet 121 97% 99 99 99

VGG 16 73% 73 72 72

LSTM 63% 66 65 65

RNN 60% 64 62 59

InceptionV3 93% 93 93 93

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 Interpretations
• SHAP: Explains ML model output by quantifying feature contributions.
• Saliency: Measures the impact of each input feature on a model's output for
interpretability.

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Final Output

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 Impact on Society and
Environment
• Improved Diagnoses: Swift and accurate automated diagnoses enhance patient
care.
• Efficient Healthcare: Automation streamlines processes, saving time and
resources.
• Cost-Effective: Quicker diagnoses lead to reduced hospital stays and lower
healthcare costs.
• Green Tech Priority: Focus on energy-efficient algorithms and renewables
minimizes environmental impact.
• Eco-Friendly Practices: Initiatives for sustainable materials and responsible
disposal reduce electronic waste.

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Limitations and Future Works
• Data Limitation
• Model Complexity
• Explainability Scope
• Scope for Model Enhancement
• Real-Time Processing Exploration
• Advanced Explainability Techniques
• Integration with Industrial IoT
• Ethical and Socioeconomic Impacts
• Cross-Industry Generalization

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 References
• [1] Sahin, M. E. (2023). Image processing and machine learning‐based bone fracture detection and classification using X‐ray images. International Journal of Imaging
Systems and Technology, 33(3), 853-865.
• [2] Basha, C. M. A. K., Padmaja, M., & Balaji, G. N. (2018). Computer aided fracture detection system. Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics, 8(3), 526-
531.
• [3] Basha, C. Z., Reddy, M. R. K., Nikhil, K. H. S., Venkatesh, P. S. M., & Asish, A. V. (2020, March). Enhanced computer aided bone fracture detection employing X-ray
images by Harris Corner technique. In 2020 Fourth International Conference on Computing Methodologies and Communication (ICCMC) (pp. 991-995). IEEE.
• [4] Yang, A. Y., Cheng, L., Shimaponda-Nawa, M., & Zhu, H. Y. (2019, December). Long-bone fracture detection using artificial neural networks based on line features of
X-ray images. In 2019 IEEE symposium series on computational intelligence (SSCI) (pp. 2595-2602). IEEE.
• [5] Umadevi, N., & Geethalakshmi, S. N. (2012, July). Multiple classification system for fracture detection in human bone x-ray images. In 2012 Third International
Conference on Computing, Communication and Networking Technologies (ICCCNT'12) (pp. 1-8). IEEE.
• [6] Eksi, Z., & Cakiroglu, M. (2012). Performance evaluation of the popular segmentation algorithms for bone fracture detection. AWERProcedia Information
Technology & Computer Science, 1, 1245-1249.
• [7] Dai, Z., Li, Z., & Han, L. (2021). Bonebert: A bert-based automated information extraction system of radiology reports for bone fracture detection and diagnosis. In
Advances in Intelligent Data Analysis XIX: 19th International Symposium on Intelligent Data Analysis, IDA 2021, Porto, Portugal, April 26–28, 2021, Proceedings 19 (pp.
263-274). Springer International Publishing.
• [8] Santos, K. C., Fernandes, C. A., & Costa, J. R. (2022). Feasibility of Bone Fracture Detection Using Microwave Imaging. IEEE Open Journal of Antennas and
Propagation, 3, 836-847.
• [9] Sinthura, S. S., Prathyusha, Y., Harini, K., Pranusha, Y., & Poojitha, B. (2019, May). Bone Fracture Detection System Using CNN Algorithm. In 2019 International
Conference on Intelligent Computing and Control Systems (ICCS) (pp. 545-549). IEEE.
• [10] Cao, Y., Wang, H., Moradi, M., Prasanna, P., & Syeda-Mahmood, T. F. (2015, April). Fracture detection in x-ray images through stacked random forests feature
fusion. In 2015 IEEE 12th international symposium on biomedical imaging (ISBI) (pp. 801-805). IEEE.
• [11] AlGhaithi, A., & Al Maskari, S. (2021). Artificial intelligence application in bone fracture detection. Journal of Musculoskeletal Surgery and Research, 5, 4.
• [12] Dimililer, K. (2017). IBFDS: Intelligent bone fracture detection system. Procedia computer science, 120, 260-267.
• [13] Meena, T., & Roy, S. (2022). Bone fracture detection using deep supervised learning from radiological images: A paradigm shift. Diagnostics, 12(10), 2420.
• [14] Yadav, D. P., & Rathor, S. (2020, February). Bone fracture detection and classification using deep learning approach. In 2020 International Conference on Power
Electronics & IoT Applications in Renewable Energy and its Control (PARC) (pp. 282-285). IEEE.

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 Links
• UI
• Google Site
• Github URL
• Video Recording

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Thank You

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