Mole calculations

′
𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠=𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 × 𝐴𝑣𝑜𝑔𝑎𝑑𝑟 𝑜 𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠) 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)

𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠= OR 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠=
𝐴𝑟 𝑀𝑟

𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑔𝑎𝑠=𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 ×24 𝑑 𝑚 3

× 𝑀𝑟
𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠(𝑖𝑛 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠)
𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛=
𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒

÷ 𝑀𝑟
2 moles of H2 gas  2 moles of H2 molecules 23 24
2 ×6.02 ×10 =1.204 × 10 𝐻 2𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑠
4 moles of H atoms 23 24
4 ×6.02 ×10 =2.408 × 10 h𝑦𝑑𝑟𝑜𝑔𝑒𝑛 𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑚𝑠

one H2 molecule contains 2 H atoms

 Find number of hydrogen atoms in 5 moles of water molecule

10 moles of hydrogen atoms 

One water molecule contains 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠= 𝐴𝑟 ×𝑛𝑜 .𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠=80 × 0.5=40 𝑔

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 64
𝑛𝑜 . 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠= = =2 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑟 32
 2 𝐻 2 +𝑂 2 →2 𝐻 2 𝑂

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1
𝑛𝑜 . 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝐻 2= = =0.5 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝑀𝑟 2

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑜𝑥𝑦𝑔𝑒𝑛=𝑛𝑜. 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠× 𝑀𝑟 =0.25 ×32=8 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 =1+8=9 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚𝑠

 𝐹𝑒+𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑂 4 → 𝐹𝑒𝑆𝑂 4 +𝐶𝑢
𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝐹𝑒: 𝐶𝑢=1:1

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1.4
𝑛𝑜 . 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛= = =0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑟 56

𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 1.6
𝑛𝑜 . 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑜𝑝𝑝𝑒𝑟 = = =0.025 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠
𝐴𝑟 64

𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 , 𝑡h𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑢𝑙𝑓𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑖𝑠 𝐹𝑒𝑆 𝑂 4

𝑇h𝑒 𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑𝑖𝑠 62.1 , 𝑤h𝑎𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑡h𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑚𝑟𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑜𝑓 𝑡h𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑢𝑛𝑑?

Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen

% by mass 38.7 9.75 51.55

Ar 12 1 16

Mole (mass/Ar) 38.7/12 = 3.23 9.75/1=9.75 51.55/16=3.22

Ratio (divide by 3.23/3.22 ≈ 1 9.75/3.22 ≈ 3 3.22/3.22 = 1

smallest number)

𝑇h𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 , 𝑡h𝑒 𝒆𝒎𝒑𝒊𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒎𝒖𝒍𝒂 𝑖𝑠 𝐶 𝐻 3 𝑂

= 12 + 3(1) + 16 = 31
62.1
≈ 2 𝑠𝑜 𝑡h𝑒 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑎 ( 𝑎𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑎𝑙 ) 𝑖𝑠 𝐶 2 𝐻 6 𝑂 2
31