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03 Basic Terms in Statistics
03 Basic Terms in Statistics
“STAT IS EEKS”
Sir LY
Objectives
•Define universe and differentiate it with
population; and
•Define and differentiate between qualitative
and quantitative variables, and between
discrete and continuous variables (that are
quantitative);
Definition of Basic TERMS
UNIVERSE (of the study) - The collection of
respondents from whom one obtain the data
Qualitative Quantitative
Discrete Continuous
Qualitative variable
•Express a categorical attribute
•Not strictly take on numerical values
•Answers the question WHAT KIND?
•Sometimes it considers the sense of
ordering
•Also known as categorical variables
Quantitative variable
•a.k.a Numerical
•Answers the question HOW MUCH/HOW
MANY?
•With actual units
Discrete vs Continuous
• Discrete
data are those that can be counted whole
continuous data are those that can be measured
TEST
TEST
•Can you add 300
and 301?
Keypoints
• A universe is a collection of units from which the data were
gathered.
• A variable
is a characteristic we observed or measured from
every element of the universe.
• A population is a set of all possible values of a variable.
• A sample is a subgroup of a universe or a population.
• In
a study there is only one universe but could have several
populations.
• Variables could be classified as qualitative or quantitative, and
the latter could be further classified as discrete or continuous.