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    Trap

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    meelad_master
    There are three main types of hydrocarbon traps: structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and combination traps. Structural traps include folds, faults, and salt domes where hydrocarbons are trapped by impermeable rock layers that form a structural closure. Stratigraphic traps occur where permeable reservoir rocks pinch out or are separated by impermeable layers. Combination traps result from both structural and stratigraphic features acting together to trap hydrocarbons. Faults can act as both seals that trap hydrocarbons or pathways for hydrocarbon migration depending on factors like clay content and timing of fault movement. Unconformities within rock layers can also form stratigraphic traps.

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    Trap

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    meelad_master
    8 views64 pages
    There are three main types of hydrocarbon traps: structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and combination traps. Structural traps include folds, faults, and salt domes where hydrocarbons are trapped by impermeable rock layers that form a structural closure. Stratigraphic traps occur where permeable reservoir rocks pinch out or are separated by impermeable layers. Combination traps result from both structural and stratigraphic features acting together to trap hydrocarbons. Faults can act as both seals that trap hydrocarbons or pathways for hydrocarbon migration depending on factors like clay content and timing of fault movement. Unconformities within rock layers can also form stratigraphic traps.

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    Geological Traps Descriptions

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    There are three main types of hydrocarbon traps: structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and combination traps. Structural traps include folds, faults, and salt domes where hydrocarbons are trapped by impermeable rock layers that form a structural closure. Stratigraphic traps occur where permeable reservoir rocks pinch out or are separated by impermeable layers. Combination traps result from both structural and stratigraphic features acting together to trap hydrocarbons. Faults can act as both seals that trap hydrocarbons or pathways for hydrocarbon migration depending on factors like clay content and timing of fault movement. Unconformities within rock layers can also form stratigraphic traps.

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    8 views64 pages

    Trap

    Uploaded by

    meelad_master
    There are three main types of hydrocarbon traps: structural traps, stratigraphic traps, and combination traps. Structural traps include folds, faults, and salt domes where hydrocarbons are trapped by impermeable rock layers that form a structural closure. Stratigraphic traps occur where permeable reservoir rocks pinch out or are separated by impermeable layers. Combination traps result from both structural and stratigraphic features acting together to trap hydrocarbons. Faults can act as both seals that trap hydrocarbons or pathways for hydrocarbon migration depending on factors like clay content and timing of fault movement. Unconformities within rock layers can also form stratigraphic traps.

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    of 64

    Petroleum accumulation and Traps

    Structural traps 

    Stratigraphic traps 

    Combination traps 
    Structural Hydrocarbon Traps
    Gas
    Shale Oil Oil/Gas Closure
    Trap
    Contact

    Sea Oil/Water
    l
    Contact
    Oil
    Fracture Basement Fold Trap

    Salt
    Salt Diapir
    Oil
    Dome

    (modified from Bjorlykke, 1989)


    Structural Traps
    for Gas and Oil

    2300 m – 4600 m = Oil formation


    4600+ m = Gas formation
    Eroded anticline forms trap in Landers oil field in Wyoming.
    Fault Trap

    Sand
    Oil / Gas
    Shale
    Aydin & Eyal 2002 AAPG Bulletin
    van der Zee et al. www.ged.rwth-aachen.de/Ww/projects/faults/Clay%20injection/Clay%20injection.htm l
    III. Faults - seals or pathways of migration?

    A. Faults as zones rather than planes

    B. Factors favoring faults as seals


    1) Abundance of clay/shale along fault
    “Clay smear” or “Shale smear”
    2) Faulting early in burial history
    “Clay smear” vs. “Shale smear” vs.
    “Shale Gouge”
    3. Greater time between faulting and
    arrival of petroleum
    Infilling/cementing minerals block open
    volumes
    Stratigraphic Hydrocarbon Traps
    Pinch out

    Oil/Gas

    (modified from Bjorlykke, 1989)


    Stratigraphic Hydrocarbon Traps

    Channel Pinch Out

    Oil/Gas

    (modified from Bjorlykke, 1989)


    Types of Unconformities
     Disconformity
    • An unconformity in which the beds above and below are parallel
     Angular Unconformity
    • An unconformity in which the older bed intersect the younger beds at an angle
     Nonconformity
    • An unconformity in which younger sedimentary rocks overlie older metamorphic
    or intrusive igneous rocks
    K
    J
    I
    H
    G
    Angular Unconformity
    C
    E
    F
    D Igneous
    B
    Dike
    Sill
    ous
    ne A
    I g
    Stratigraphic Hydrocarbon Traps
    Unconformity

    Uncomformity

    Oil/Gas
    fluvial system
    Hydrocarbon Traps - Dome

    Gas
    Oil

    er
    at
    W

    Sandstone
    Shale
    Other Traps
    Meteoric
    Water
    Asphalt Trap
    Biodegraded
    Oil/Asphalt
    Partly
    Water Biodegraded Oil

    Hydrodynamic Trap Hydrostatic


    Head
    Shale
    Water
    Oil
    (modified from Bjorlykke, 1989 )

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