IRON & STEEL MAKING

By: Pham Thanh Duong

Iron ore
 Hematite - Fe2O3 - 70
percent iron
 Magnetite - Fe3O4 - 72
percent iron
 Limonite - Fe2O3 + H2O
- 50 percent to 66 percent
iron
 Siderite - FeCO3 - 48
percent iron
Usually, you find these
minerals mixed into rocks
containing silica.
Chemical reactions

 1) 3 Fe2O3 + CO = CO2 + 2 Fe3O4

Begins at 850° F
 2) Fe3O4 + CO = CO2 + 3 FeO
Begins at 1100° F
 3) FeO + CO = CO2 + Fe
or
FeO + C = CO + Fe
Begins at 1300° F
BLAST FURNACE
Electric Arc Furnace Steelmaking
ALUMINIUM
Properties of Aluminium

Corrosion resistance

Cross section of aluminium,

showing outer layer of oxide
Other properties
extraction of aluminium
2 stages:
 1st stage: bauxite
is crushed to
extract aluminum
oxide (alumina).
 2nd stage: pure
aluminum is
extracted from the
alumina by
electrolysis.
Electrolysis of aluminium oxide
+Aluminium forms at the negative
electrode
Al3+ + 3e- Al
+Oxygen forms at the positive
electrodes
2O2- - 4e- O2

+The oxygen reacts with the

carbon of the positive
electrodes, forming carbon
dioxide, and they gradually
burn away