2.

PROTOZOA
Zoología de Invertebrados
 Protistas o Protozoos son dos términos que actualmente se utilizan por
tradición o conveniencia, Protista no tiene un estatus válido como categoría
taxonómica en la actualidad. En algunos sistemas de clasificación Protozoa es
considerado un Reino (Junto a Chromista).
 Modelo antiguo de 4 Phyla: Cilliofora, Rhizopoda, Flagelata (Mastigofora) y
Sporozoa, basado en sistema de locomoción

 Organismos unicelulares o coloniales, con núcleo, que poseen organelos con

membranas, ni forman tejidos. No son fotosintéticos primarios. No provienen
de un embrión o estado embrionario durante su desarrollo.

¿QUÉ SON LOS PROTOZOOS?

Protista: The classification of a kingdom separate from animals and plants was
first proposed by John Hogg in 1860 as the kingdom Protoctista; in 1866 Ernst
Haeckel also proposed a third kingdom Protista as "the kingdom of primitive
forms". Originally these also included prokaryotes, but with time these would
be removed to a fourth kingdom Monera.
In the popular five-kingdom scheme proposed by Robert Whittaker in 1969,
Protista was defined as eukaryotic "organisms which are unicellular or
unicellular-colonial and which form no tissues", and the fifth kingdom Fungi
was established. In the five-kingdom system of Lynn Margulis, the term protist
is reserved for microscopic organisms, while the more inclusive kingdom
Protoctista (or protoctists) included certain large multicellular eukaryotes, such
as kelp, red algae and slime molds. Others use the term protist interchangeably
with Margulis's protoctist, to encompass both single-celled and multicellular
eukaryotes, including those that form specialized tissues but do not fit into any
of the other traditional kingdoms

BREVE HISTORIA
www.Wikipedia.org Protista
Protozoa: In some systems of biological classification, Protozoa remains a high-level
taxonomic group. When first introduced by Georg Goldfuss in 1818, Protozoa was
erected as a class within the animals, and its etymology is literally "first animals". In
later classification schemes it was elevated to a variety of higher ranks, including
phylum, subkingdom and kingdom, and sometimes included within Protoctista or
Protista. With the advent of techniques such as molecular phylogenetics, it was
realized that Protozoa did not represent a natural group; but while it is not an
accepted taxon in cladistic analyses, some systematists continue to use it as a formal
taxon.

In a series of classifications proposed by Thomas Cavalier-Smith and his collaborators

since 1981, Protozoa has been ranked as a kingdom. The seven-kingdom scheme
presented by Ruggiero et al. in 2015, places eight phyla under Kingdom Protozoa:
Euglenozoa, Amoebozoa, Metamonada, Choanozoa sensu Cavalier-Smith,
Loukozoa, Percolozoa, Microsporidia and Sulcozoa. Notably, this kingdom
excludes several major groups of organisms traditionally placed among the protozoa,
including the ciliates, dinoflagellates, foraminifera, and the parasitic apicomplexans,
all of which are classified under Kingdom Chromista. Kingdom Protozoa, as defined
in this scheme, does not form a natural group or clade, but a paraphyletic group or
evolutionary grade, within which the members of Fungi, Animalia and Chromista are
thought to have evolved.
www.Wikipedia.org Protista
RELACIONES FILOGENÉTICAS
Dominio: Eukaryota
Supergrupos y Reinos
 Opisthokonta
 Reino Chromista
 Reino Animalia - Animales
 Alveolata: Phyla Cilliophora, Dinozoa,
Apicomplexa  Reino Fungi – Hongos y microsporídios
 Rhizaria: Phyla Foraminifera, Radiozoa,  Phylum Choanozoa - Choanoflagelados
Cercozoa  Archaeplastida
 Heterokonta:  Reino Plantae – Plantas
 Phylum Heliozoa
 Reino Protozoa
 Phylum Amebozoa
SuperPhylum Excavata
 Phylum Metamonada
 Phylum Euglenozoa
John M. Archibald • Alastair G. B. Simpson Claudio H. Slamovits Editors
Handbook of the Protists Second Edition 2017
VACUOLA CONTRÁCTIL
LOCOMOCIÓN – CILIOS Y FLAGELOS
 Alveolata

PSEUDOPODIOS
MODELO DE FORMACIÓN DE
PSEUDOPODIOS

 Las fibras de actina se

despolimerizan y el
líquido interno fluye ,
luego se repolimerizan
 Fisión binaria

REPRODUCCIÓN
 Reproducción en Cilliophora

CONJUGACIÓN
 Apicomplexa
 Plasmodium

CICLO DE UN PARÁSITO
 “Slime molds” o mohos plasmodiales

AMEBOZOA
 ALIMENTACIÓN
 Formación de una vacuola alimenticia alrededor de las partículas
alimenticias

https://www.britannica.com/science/protozoan/
Mechanisms-of-food-ingestion

Vorticela alimentándose
https://
gfycat.com/alarmedunacceptableasianlion-phagocytosis-micr
oscopy-vorticella

https://www.sciencesource.com/archive/Image/Didinium-
Ingesting-Paramecium-SS2526344.html
 ¿Cómo se mueven los protozoarios?
 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bPwVOggUp4M

 HIGH DEFINITION VIDEO IMAGE OF PROTOZOA https

://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_JrBLy6HBiA
 PRINCIPALES GRUPOS DE PROTOZOOS

 Alveolata -Phylum Cilliophora

Paramecium Vorticella Tetrahymena

https://www.lifeder.com/paramecios/ https://www.pintererst.com/ http://protozoarios123.blogspot.com/2009/12/ciliophora.html

  Phylum Dinozoa (Dinoflagellata)

Ceratium

https://www.nikonsmallworld.com/galleries/2010-
photomicrography-competition/ceratium-sp.-dinoflagellate-
living-specimen
 Phyllum Apicomplexa

Monocystis Plasmodium

Toxoplasma

https://www.visavet.es/guessparasite/
https://co.pinterest.com/pin/
fichas.php?id=38
333336809889573580/
http://tolweb.org/Apicomplexa
 https://www.taxateca.com/reinoamoebozoa.html

 Phyllum Amebozoa

Amoeba proteus

Arcella Lycogala epidendrum, un

Mycetozoa.

https://es.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Amoebozoa
 Rhizaria Phyllum Foraminifera

Conchas de
Carbonato de Calcio

https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Foram-art-calcite-tests-of-
selected-benthic-left-and-planktonic-right-
foraminifera_fig1_280839925 https://co.pinterest.com/pin/291959988316512606/
 Phyllum Radiozoa

Conchas de Sílica o Sulfato de

Estroncio

https://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/micro/gallery/ http://fujifilmsquare.jp/en/detail/19080902.html
radiolarians/radiolarians.html
  Phytoflagellata (Phyllum Euglenozoa)
y Zooflagellata (Phyllum Metamonada)

Trychonympha
https://fineartamerica.com/
featured/trichonympha-
michael-abbey.html

Euglena Trypanosoma

https://
www.sciencephoto.com/
media/789830/view/
euglena-light-micrograph
https://
lacienciaysusdemonios.com/
2012/08/02/origen-evolucion-en-
Giardia lambdia
euglena-company-de-la- https://www.mcdinternational.org/trainings/malaria/spanish/dpdx/HTML/
depredacion-a-la-fotosintesis/ https://co.pinterest.com/pin/
Frames/G-L/Giardiasis/body_Giardiasis_mic1