Set of Irrational

Numbers
 Squares &
Square Roots
“Perfect Square”
 Square Number
 Also called a “perfect square”
 A number that is the square of a
whole number
 Can be represented by
arranging objects in a square.
 Square Root
Radical
Radicand
sign

√❑ √2

√
Examples:
1
, √4, , 4
Square Numbers
 Square Numbers
1x1=1
2x2=4
3x3=9
 4 x 4 = 16
Activity:
Calculate the perfect squares up
to 152…
 Square Numbers
12 = 1 x 1 = 1 92 = 9 x 9 = 81
22 = 2 x 2 = 4 102 = 10 x 10 = 100
32 = 3 x 3 = 9 112 = 11 x 11 = 121
42 = 4 x 4 = 16 122 = 12 x 12 = 144
52 = 5 x 5 = 25 132 = 13 x 13 = 169
62 = 6 x 6 = 36 142 = 14 x 14 = 196
72 = 7 x 7 = 49 152 = 15 x 15 = 225
82 = 8 x 8 = 64
 Identify the following numbers as
perfect squares or not.

a. 16 a. yes since 16 = 4 x 4
b. 15 b. not
c. 146 c. not

d. 300 d. not
e. 324 e. yes since 324 = 18 x 18
f. 729 f. yes since 729 = 27 x 27
 Squares &
Square Roots
“Square Root”
 Square Numbers
 One property of a perfect
square is that it can be
represented by a square
4cm array.
 Each small square in the array
4cm 16 cm2 shown has a side length of
1cm.
 The large square has a side
length of 4 cm.
 Square Numbers
The large square has an
area of 4cm x 4cm = 16
cm2.
4cm The number 4 is called the
square root of 16.
4cm 16 cm2
 Square Root
 A number which, when
multiplied by itself, results in
another number.

 Ex: 5 is the square root of 25.

5 = 25
Finding Square Roots
 We can use the following
strategy to find a square root of
a large number.

4x9 = 4 x 9
= 2 x 3
6
We can factor large
= 6 perfect squares into
smaller perfect
squares to simplify.
 Finding Square Roots
 Activity: Find the square root of 256

256

= 4 x 64
=2 x 8
= 16
 Finding Square Roots
 Activity: Find the square root of -4

-4 Imaginary
numbers

Note: The square root of negative

numbers are not real numbers.
 Squares &
Square Roots
“Estimating Square Root”
 Estimating
Square Roots

Also known as
principal square
root
 Estimating
Square Roots

Also known as
principal square
root
 Estimating
Square Roots

Also known as
principal square
root
 Estimating
Square Roots

27 = ?
Since 27 is not a perfect square, we
have to use another method to
calculate it’s square root.
 Estimating
Square Roots
Not all numbers are perfect
squares.
Not every number has an Integer
for a square root.
We have to estimate square roots
for numbers between perfect
squares.
 Estimating
Square Roots
 To calculate the square root of a
non-perfect square

1. Place the values of the adjacent

perfect squares on a number line.

2. Insert between the points to

estimate to the nearest tenth.
 Determine two integers between which
the given square root lies.

𝑎 ¿√6 √ 4< √ 6 < √ 9

2< √ 6 <3
∴ 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3

𝑏 ¿ √ 18 √ 16< √ 18< √ 25
4< √ 6<5
∴ 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒 4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5
 Determine two integers between which
the given square root lies.

𝑐 ¿ √ 115 √ 100< √115 < √ 121

10< √ 115 <11
∴ 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒10 𝑎𝑛𝑑 11

𝑑 ¿ √ 200 √ 196< √ 200< √ 225

14 < √ 200<15
∴ 𝑡h𝑒𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑎𝑟𝑒14 𝑎𝑛𝑑 15
 Estimating
Square Roots
 Example: 27
What are the perfect squares on
each side of 27?

25 30 35 36
 Estimating
Square Roots
 Example: 27

half
5 6

25 30 35 36
27
Estimate 27 = 5.2
 Estimating
Square Roots
 Example: 27

 Estimate: 27 = 5.2

 Check: (5.2) (5.2) = 27.04

 Estimating Square Roots
Example:√ 15
√ 9< √15 < √ 16
half Approximate
3.5 value of
3 4
●
9 √ 𝟏𝟓16
Estimate: = 3.9
 Other way in estimating square roots
Divide and Average Method by: Isaac Newton

Example: √ 15
√ 9< √15 < √ 16
3< √ 15< 4
Set an approximate value: 3.9
3.84 3.87
3.84 + 3.9 2) 7.74
3.9.)150.0 2
-117 -6
3.84 = 3.9 when
330 17
+ 3.90 rounded to
-312 -16
7.74 the nearest
180 14
-14 tenths
-156
24 0
 Other way in estimating square roots
Divide and Average Method by: Isaac Newton

Example: √3
√ 1< √ 3< √ 4
1< √ 3< 2
Set an approximate value: 1.9
1.57 1.73
1.57 + 1.9 2) 3.47
1.9.)30.0 2
-19 -2
1.57 = 1.7 when
110 14
+ 1.90 rounded to
- 95 -14
3.47 the nearest
150 7
-6 tenths
-133
17 1
Thank you!