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GROUP 3 - STEM C

Principles of
Speech
Writing
(Part 2)
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Lesson
1
Learn about
Objectives
2
Learn how to outline
3
Analyze the different
4
Correctly use words in
Researching and its and organize a speech Writing Patterns Speech Writing and
categories achieve grammmatical
accuracy
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PRE-ACTIVITY:
Instructions: Examine the code table below and break the codes in the following
items by simply looking for the opposite letter to form a meaningful word(s). Write
your answer in the space provided before each item.

1. t n g u r e – f b h e p r f
2. c e r c n e r – n a – b h g y v a r
3. b e t n a v m r– g u r – c n e g f
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RESEARCHING
- Also called as Sourcing the
Information or Data Gathering. This is
the stage where you collect and evaluate
ideas, information, sources, and
references relevant or related to your
specific topic.
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Two Categories of
Sources
Primary Source or
Research
Secondary Source or
Research

is carried out when an author has is done when an author reports on

done the research or writing himself
or herself.
Examples: Surveys and interviews
conducted by the author or writer
(himself or herself).
research or writing conducted by
others.
Examples: Experiments conducted
by group of researchers and
biography of Jose Rizal written by
Carlos Quirino.
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Non-academic Information
Sources
Type of source is informal, personal, and intended for a wider audience

Books may be fiction and nonfiction.

General Interest refer to magazines and newsletters.

Periodicals

Newspaper contain news stories, articles of opinion, features,

and advertising.
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Non-academic Information
Sources
Writing is informal, personal, and intended for a wider audience.

a website that contains online personal reflections, comments, and

Blog/s often hyperlinks, videos, and photographs provided by the writer.

a reference work that contains information about many different

Encyclopedia subjects.

a group of World Wide Web pages containing hyperlinks and made

Website available online by an individual, a company, an educational
institution, or an organization.
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Academic Information
Sources
Writing is formal, evidence-based, and aimed at scholarly audiences.

are textbooks written for an academic field of study and academic

Scholarly Books books written for other academics for informational and research
purposes.
are written for a particular audience in an academic subfield (Education,
Scholarly Articles and
Business, Communication, Medicine, Psychology, Engineering, etc.)
Journals

Computerized
Database contain publications related to general areas of knowledge.

Scholarly Information on the a number of great websites with accessible online journals and other
Web scholarly forms of writing.
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OUTLINE
- is the backbone or framework
of a speech. It allows the ideas to connect
with one another. The types of an outline
are topic and sentence outlines which can
be done in a table format and listing,
respectively.
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Three Parts of an
1
Outline
2 3
Introduction Body Conclusion
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1 Introduction
Parts:
a. Hook or attention-getter (anecdote, quotation,
rhetorical questions, background information, riddle or
puzzle).
b. Establish credibility
c.Thesis statement (main idea of the speech)
d. Purpose
e. Overview of the main points (Preview)
*A good introduction is generally only 10% to 15% of
the entire time the speaker will spend speaking.
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2 Body
- Develops, explains, and supports the thesis statement
using details, evidence (e.g., testimony,
statistics), and examples.
- Is usually made up of three paragraphs; takes up
about three quarters of the entire speech.
- Uses transition words (such as besides, however,
thus, etc.) for linking from one point to the next.
-Uses internal previews and summaries, and signposts
(e.g. first, second, third) to keep audience focused on
the content.
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1 Conclusion
- Reiterates the thesis statement.
- Summarizes the main points.
- Closes with a final, memorable statement, e.g. a
quote, an advice, or a call to action.
*Experts say that, just like the introduction, a
strong conclusion is also needed because listeners
usually remember information at the beginning of a list
(primacy) and at the end (recency), known as the serial
position effect.
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Writing Patterns
Order of the Content

describes either his/her own life, the life of someone he/she

Biographical knows personally or of a famous person; can be informative
or entertaining.
Chronological tells/narrates a story, recounts a historical event.

Causal presents the roots and consequences of a particular issue.

Comparison/Contrast states similarities or differences of two or more ideas

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Writing Patterns
Order of the Content

Problem, Cause, introduces identified problem, its causes and recommended

Solution
solutions.

Spatial presents main points in the order of space, such as nearest to

the farthest, from inside to the outside, left to right, or top to
bottom.
Topical/ most common pattern; the categories function as a way to
Categorical help the speaker organize the message in a consistent
fashion.
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Word Choice
- refers to a speaker’s
selection of words, or style of
expression. This depends on the
speaker’s purpose in writing a text.
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Choosing Words for

Speech Writing
• Select words that are simple, understandable, and appropriate for your audience.
• Choose specific or exact words that can express precise meaning.
• Utilize vivid verbs to convey your message clearly.
• Use positive words and expressions.
• Avoid clichés (overused words and expressions).
• Avoid obsolete (outdated) words.
• Avoid words and expressions that show bias or discrimination.
• Be consistent in using the formality of language, grammatically correct words,
and in using verb tense, pronouns, and pronoun reference.
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Editing/Revising
- involves correcting errors in
mechanics, such as grammar,
punctuation, capitalization, unity,
coherence, and others. The main
purpose of this is to achieve
grammatical correctness.
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Andrew Dlugan (2013)
suggests six principles for
speech editing:
1. Edit for focus. Ensure that all parts of the speech relate to the
central message.
2. Edit for clarity. Arrange all ideas in logical order.
3. Edit for concision. Keep your speech short, simple, and clear.
4. Edit for continuity. Keep the flow of the ideas smooth by using
transitions.
5. Edit for variety. Add spice in your speech by shifting your tone
and style.
6. Edit for impact and beauty. Use strategies such as element of
surprise, vivid descriptive images, memorable lines, and figures
of speech.
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Guidelines to achieve
grammatical correctness
in speech writing:
• Use active voice and present tense of the verb.
• Avoid run-on sentences, fragments, and comma splices.
• Avoid indefinite referents and shifts in person or point
of view.
• Remember the rules of agreement (noun-verb, noun-
pronouns).
 THANK YOU!
This has been the Group 3, we hope you got to learn more about the different
topics that we have discussed and have fulfilled the objectives about the
Principles of Speech Writing (Part 2).