Purpose and

classification of
pipelines
Pipelines are used to move various liquids (water, oil, clay solutions).

Made from a variety of materials (metal, concrete, wood).

 Simple and complex pipelines are distinguished
depending on the geometric configuration and methods
of hydraulic calculation.
 Types of pipelines
Short Long Simple pipelines

pipelines pipelines Complex

pipelines

Siphon Gravity Dead-end

pipelines pipelines pipelines
Pipelines with a Pipelines with a Closed (ring)
transit flow rate travel flow rate pipelines
Short pipelines
Short pipelines are
pipelines of relatively
short length, in which the
loss of pressure to
overcome local
resistances in the total
amount of losses is at
least 10 ... 15%.
 Long pipelines
Long pipelines are
called long pipelines
in which the share of
local pressure losses in
the total loss balance
is small — less than
5...10%.
 Siphon pipelines
Siphon pipes are short
pipelines through which liquid
moves from the supply tank to
the receiving tank due to the
difference in liquid levels in
Gravity pipelines
Gravity pipelines
are pipelines, all
elements of which
are located below
the level of the
liquid in the tank
from which the
liquid flows
 Dead-end pipelines
Dead-end pipelines are pipelines through which
liquid is supplied in one direction
Pipelines with a transit flow rate
Pipelines with a transit flow rate are
pipelines in which the flow rate of the liquid
does not change along their entire length
 Pipelines with a
travel flow rate
Pipelines with a
travel flow rate are
pipelines in which its
distribution occurs along
the path of fluid
movement and the flow
rate is variable
 Closed (ring)
pipelines
Closed (ring) pipelines
are pipelines through
which liquid can be
supplied to a given point
 Examples of pipelines of various types

a, б – simple, dead–end, with transit flow rate; в – complex, dead-end, with travel
flow rate; г - complex, closed, with transit flow rate
 Simple pipeline
a)

b)

Simple pipelines are

pipelines that do not have
branches
 Complex pipelines Complex pipeline
a) parallel pipelines;
b) branched pipelines;
are pipelines c) ring pipelines

that have branches

b) c)
a)
 In such pipelines is that the liquid
flow is divided at one point into several
independent streams, which later
Parallel
converge at another point. Each of these
streams may contain its own local pipeline
resistances. The most common task is to
determine the flow rate in each branch.

The head losses in each of the

lines are the same and equal to the B
pressure difference in nodes A and B.
A
h1= h2 = h3 = ... = hn = hA - hB=H
• Branching pipelines have one common point
from which different streams diverge, or a
common point at which several different
Branched
streams converge. For branched pipelines, the
flow equation is: pipelines

• where Q1, Q2, Q3 are the expenses in the

respective branches.
• This option is most often found in hydraulic
systems of technological equipment, where
several simultaneously operating consumers are
powered from one pumping station.
• An annular pipeline is a system of
closed loop rings. Such networks are
An annular pipeline
more reliable than dead-end ones, since
(Ring pipelines )
in case of failure of any section, the
liquid supply to the nodal points can be
provided through other sections, but
with a different supply and pressure.

• Ring pipelines are calculated

according to the same scheme as
pipelines with parallel connection.
 In complex pipelines, the transit flow rate transmitted along the main line is
distinguished, and the track (or associated) flow rate, taken from the main line at a
number of intermediate points along the path of the fluid.
 The flow rate is called concentrated flow rate if the 8

selection points are at a considerable distance from each

other and continuous flow rate if these points are very
close to each other.
 There are also pressure and non-pressure. In pressure pipelines, the liquid is
under excessive pressure and completely fills the entire cross section. Non-pressure
pipelines operate in an incomplete section and are characterized by the presence of a
free surface, usually exposed to atmospheric pressure.
 Three tasks of hydraulic
calculation of the pipeline.
•determination of the differential pressure
necessary to pass a given flow rate of the
liquid through this pipeline;
•determination of the fluid flow rate for a
given pipeline at a given pressure drop;
•determination of the required diameter of
the pipeline to skip a given flow rate of
fluid at a known pressure drop.