The different forms of governance

practice in Muslim history

SEPI 1.1
 Central Idea
• The central idea of this presentation is that
Muslims were very flexible regarding the
acceptance of political procedure for the
sustenance of Muslim community and their
faith.
 Form of governance
• Caliphate
• Imamate
• Mulk ( Monarch)
• Sultans
• Amir
• Democatically elected form of governance.
 Caliphate
• A person considered a politico-religious successor to the Islamic Prophet Muhammad
(P.B.U.H) and a leader of the entire ummah (Muslim community). Historically, the caliphates
were polities based on Islam which developed into multi-ethnic trans-national empires.
• The institution of Caliphate is presume to be one of the most powerful institution Muslims
have developed. It survives from 634 A.D to 1919 .
• Conditions of being Muslim: 1) Ateqadat(Beliefs) 2) Eebadat( rituals) 3)
Mamulate( everydayness) 4) Mashrate ( social relations) 5) Maeeshat( Economic
transactions) .
• Conditions for Caliphate
• Caliphate is actually Kasbi Status ( Some thing which you can acquire through struggle)
• Caliph should establish Salah and Zakat ( Minimum condition)
• Establish and protect Maqasid-e- Sharia
• 1) Faith ( Iman) 2) Life, 3) property, 4) Nasab (The act of tracing origin or descent) this is
important for inheritance and protecting property rights. 5) Rational ( Aqal)
• Jehad = the holy war
• SHURA = THE GROUP OF WISE PEOPLE
• Khuruj = war against the illegitimate Caliph ( condition is ¾ ) .
• Kasab = struggle =Labor
• Kasbi =
• Whabi= divinely designated
•
 List of Calipate
• Rashidoon (632—661)
• Umayyad (661—750)
• Abbasids ( 762 AD– 1258)
• Fatimid ( 909 AD –1171 AD)
• Usmanies (Ottoman) (1299—1919)
 Imamate
• This is because all schools recognise the need for a leader. However, the
scope of the authority of Imamate and its specifications are subject to
intense intellectual debates amongst the different schools. According to the
Shi’a School of Theology, Imamate is one of the five Usul al-Din (Pillars of the
Religion) and it is necessary for one to believe in it in order to be recognised
as a Shi’a.
• Unlike their counterparts in other schools of theology, the Shi’a
believe exclusively in the doctrine known as nass; explicit designation that is
divinely guided.
•
• They hold that the Imam is an individual who possesses the same
characteristics as Prophets (though are not Prophets as they do not receive
revelation) and must also be divinely protected in the same way that
Prophets are. According to Shi’a, the Imams appointed by Allah (s.w.t) to
succeed the Prophet (s.a.w)