C

SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION

 WHAT DO YOU
C
KNOW ABOUT
HUMAN MIND?

SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION

 C

SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION

 NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION

• Socialization refers to the lifelong process of social

C
interaction through which people acquire their identities and
necessary survival skills in society.

• Socialization is considered the central process of social life,

SOCIALIZATION
and also a process of member& recruitment
ENCULTURATION
and replacement.
 Examples of Socialization

SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION

 NATURE OF SOCIALIZATION

C
• The process of socialization enables a person to gradually
become a self-aware and knowledgeable human being, and
learn the ways, values, rules and culture of his society.
• Socialization is also important in politics, citizens develop
political ideas and beliefs through political socialization.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Aspects of SOCIALIZATION

1.SOCIAL CONTEXT
C
2.CONTENT AND PROCESS

SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION

3. RESULTS
 SOCIAL CONTEXT

C
• Social Context refers to the particular circumstances of a
society and consists of its culture, language, and the social
structures that define social class, ethnicity and gender.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Content and Process

• Content- refers to ideas, beliefs and behaviors and other

C
information that are passed on by members of society to the
individual.
• Process- it refers to the methods of interaction that enable
the content to be given to the person undergoing
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
socialization.
 Results

C
• Results refer to the outcomes of socialization, and are
evident when individuals begin to practice the behaviors,
attitudes, and values that society considers necessary for
them to function effectively as its members.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Significant Result of Socialization

C
Self-identity refers to the establishment of a unique sense of
identity and an awareness of how it relates to their society and
the world.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Anthropologist‘s View: ENCULTURATION

C
• Enculturation is the process by which individuals learn
cultural symbols, norms, values and language by observing
and interacting with family, friends, teachers and the rest of
society. It is a process that helps individuals become
functional members of society.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Socialization and Enculturation

C
Socialization and enculturation go hand-in-hand in instilling in
the individual the accepted values, norms, and standards of
behavior in society through social rules on behavior and laws.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Agents of Socialization
C
and Enculturation
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION

C
• An important part of the socialization and enculturation
processes are the social groups that people come in contact
and interact with throughout their lives. These groups are
called participants or agent of socialization and
enculturation.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 The FAMILY

• The family is the primary agent of socialization of an

C
individual upon birth throughout the infancy, and up to
childhood. Parents and other family members are essential
for the early care and development of the child, and as the
child matures, the family becomes an important venue for
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
social engagement and political socialization.
 The SCHOOL

• School have a critical and active role in socialization, as their various

academic and social activities mold student’s beliefs, values and
C
attitudes. School teach student’s important values such as
competitiveness, cooperation, conformity, innovation and respect for
authority.
• Through education, students become more aware of the interactions
between people and social institutions and how these influence
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION society.
 The PEER GROUPS

• This refer to people who share the same interests or

C
characteristics such as age and social background.
• Peer groups for the most part are formed by informal,
spontaneous and voluntary means. There are certain
organized groups, however, that can be considered peer
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
groups such as boy scouts/girl scouts, young liberals.
 The MASS MEDIA

• Mass media includes forms of communication such as books, magazines,

C
newspapers, other print materials, radio, television and movies. It is a powerful
agent of socialization which is widely used.
• Mass media functions as socializing agent in the ff ways:
1. It is a source of information regarding events in society.
2. It presents various viewpoints regarding events and developments within
society.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
3. It provides entertainment by showcasing other people’s experiences.
 Influence of MASS MEDIA

C
• The pluralist model portrays media as an ideological
marketplace that enhances debate and electoral choice.
Examples are talk shows that allow political candidates to
inform citizens regarding their government programs.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Market Model

C
• The market model suggests that media reflects the views of
the general public and that media presents what they think
the people want. This is seen in television networks where
telenovelas and reality shows are dominant in air.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Dominant-Ideology and Elite-Values Institutions

C
• This puts emphasis on the influence of bias in the activities of
media institutions. It links between media and political and
social elite.
• This could be seen in instances when prominent business
own, control, exert influence over certain media outlets
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Religion and State

• Religion exerts a great influence in the views of person,

C
legitimizes accepted social practices, provides stability to
society and can even be source of social change.
• The church particularly Catholic church continues its support
or opposition to some political issues such as graft and
corruption, land reform, social justice and reproductive
SOCIALIZATION health. & ENCULTURATION
 Religion and State

C participates in
• The state, meanwhile,
socialization through laws and other regulations
that reinforce appropriate behavior, and help
form values and attitudes of citizens.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Conformity,CDeviance and
Social Control
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Conformity

C
• Conformity refers to the process of altering one’s thoughts
and actions to adapt to the accepted behavior within his or
her group of society.
• Herbert Kelman identifies 3 types of conformity: compliance,
identification and internalization
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Compliance

C
• This refers to the outward conformity to social
pressure but privately disagreeing with it. This action
is often motivated by the desire to gain rewards or
avoid punishment.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Identification

C
• Identification refers to an individual adopting a certain
behavior because it enables him or her to have a
satisfying relationship with the members of the group.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Internalization or Acceptance

C
• This involves both public compliance and internal
acceptance of the norms and standards imposed by the
group. This is the most permanent and deeply-rooted
response to social influence.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 What is DEVIANCE?

C
• Deviance is defined as a behavior hat elicits a strong negative
reaction from group members and involves actions that
violate commonly held social norms. What is defined as
deviance, however, varies depending on the context of the
society.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Social Control

C
• Social control is defined as any systematic means and
practices used to maintain norms, rules and laws: regulate
conflict; and discourage deviant behavior.
• Sanctions are the most common means of social control. It
can be formal or informal.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Formal Sanction

C
• These are provided for by laws and other regulations in
society. Laws formally designate certain deviant behaviors as
crimes, and prescribes sanctions for such acts.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Informal Sanctions

• These are the most commonly imposed by smaller societies,

C
communities or groups. There are no set laws or regulations
that define the nature of these sanctions.
• Ostracism and stigma are the most common forms of this
sanction. Gossip is another way of imposing informal
SOCIALIZATIONsanctions. & ENCULTURATION
 C
Human Dignity and Human
Rights
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Human Dignity vs Human Right

C
What is the difference between
Human Dignity and Human Right?
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
 Human Dignity vs Human Right

• Human dignity refers to the idea that a person has an

C
innate right to be valued, respected and treated well.
• Human rights are legal, social and ethical principles
that consider the human person as deserving of
liberties and protections
SOCIALIZATION by virtue of his dignity.
& ENCULTURATION
 Characteristics of HUMAN RIGHTS

• They are universal because they belong to all human beings regardless

C
of race, religion, gender, and other characteristics.
• They are fundamental since they cannot be taken away from any
individual.
• They are indivisible as various rights are interrelated and given equal
importance.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION
• They are absolute since they cannot be qualified and are considered
basic necessities
 UNIVERSAL DECLARATION OF HUMAN RIGHTS

C
A major legal instrument that upholds the recognition of human rights is
the universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which was drafted
by the United Nations Commission on Human Rights in 1948. this
document was one of the major results of the end of World WAR 2.
SOCIALIZATION & ENCULTURATION