Good Morning!!!!!

Janice C. Botilla
Shielded Metal Arc Welding
TEACHER
A hand drill is a manual tool that is used to make holes in
various materials. It consists of a cranking handle that turns
pinion gears on the main shaft. A chuck at the end of the
shaft holds a drill bit.

The drill bit is selected to cut a hole of a specific width, such

as 3/8 inch; the size typically is inscribed on the bit’s shaft.
Hand drills are useful tools for woodworkers and those who
prefer not to use power tools1.
They are still used by many woodworkers today, despite
being replaced in most applications by power drills1.
Parts of hand drill
Chuck
The check is the part of a power drill that holds a bit. All power
drills require the use of a bit. They typically don't have a fixed
bit, though. Rather, you can remove the current bit from the
check while replacing it with a different bit. The check is simply
the adjustable tip of a power drill that holds a removable bit.
Trigger
As you may know, the trigger is the button-like component that's
used to activate a power drill. To use a power drill, you'll need to
pull the trigger. Pulling the trigger will spin the chuck at the
speed for which your power drill is set, thereby driving the
attached fastener into or out of the workpiece.
Rocker Switch
A lesser-known part of a power drill is the rocker switch. Also
known as the rocker toggle, it's a button that you can press
on either the right or left side to change the direction in which
the chuck turns. Rocker switches consist of a single part with
two different buttons: a button on the left and a button on the
right. To change the direction in which the chuck turns, you'll
need to press the appropriate button.
Handle
The handle is the part of a power drill that you hold. It usually
consists of a long, ergonomically designed shaft. Most handles
are also designed with a textured surface so that you can grip
them more easily. To use a power drill, you'll need to grip the
handle.It's important to note that some power drills are equipped
with an auxiliary handle as well. An auxiliary handle is a
secondary handle -- typically longer than the main handle -- that
allows you to grip a power drill with both hands. You can use
one hand on the main handle and the other hand on the
auxiliary handle.
Battery
The battery, of course, is the power supply. With the
exception of corded power drills, all electric power drills
have a battery. Most of them use nickel-cadmium (NiCd) or
lithium ion (Li-Ion) batteries. The battery is found on the
bottom of a power drill. Depending on the specific type of
battery, it may be removable or non-removable.
drill press

Drill press, device for producing holes in hard substances.

The drill is held in a rotating spindle and is fed into the
workpiece, which is usually clamped in a vise resting on a
table.
The drill may be gripped in a chuck with three jaws that
move radially in unison, or it may have a tapered shank that
fits into a tapered hole in the spindle.
Means are always provided for varying the spindle speed
and on some machines for automatically feeding the drill
into the workpiece.
Proper Care and Maintenance of Hand and Power Tools

Get the most out of your tools and ensure they live out their
expected shelf life by following these four best practices:
1. Clean your tools regularly.
Hand and power tools are prone to collecting grease and
dirt — a combination that could accelerate their wear and
tear rate. Most electrical and handyman tools may be made
from hard, high-tensile steel alloys, but they are still
susceptible to rust. When dirt clings on metal, it traps
moisture which can, in turn, promote oxidation and produce
rust.
The best way to clean your hand and power tools is to brush off loose dirt first
with a dry cloth. Use the appropriate cleaning agents to remove the grease.
Alternatively, you can use DIY cleaning formulas like hot water and vinegar. As
for power tools, use an air compressor carefully and blow a gust of air through
the tubes, vents, and crevices to remove the embedded dirt.
2. Store your tools properly.
Proper storage is just as important as regular cleaning. In fact, one of the best
practices for caring for hand and power tools is ensuring they are spotless before
putting them away. The reasons are the same as above: to prevent rusting and to
keep your tools in great shape for as long as possible.
The best place for storing power and hand tools is anywhere that’s dry and away
from dust, wire-gnawing critters, and other elements that could potentially harm
the tools’ metal and wiring components. Even better, store the smaller tools in a
heavy-duty toolbox with an organiser or compartments. This way, you can easily
reach for your tools when you’re working and save on storage space to boot.
The best place for storing power and hand tools is anywhere
that’s dry and away from dust, wire-gnawing critters, and
other elements that could potentially harm the tools’ metal
and wiring components. Even better, store the smaller tools
in a heavy-duty toolbox with an organiser or compartments.
This way, you can easily reach for your tools when you’re
working and save on storage space to boot.
3. Lubricate tools that need it.
Tools like portable punch and die sets, pneumatic nail guns,
adjustable wrenches, plunge routers, and circular saws need
lubrication because they have moving parts that rub against
metal surfaces. Without lubricating oil, the tools can wear
down quickly, starting from the point of contact.
To be clear, lubrication is different from the grease that you
need to wash off. Dirty grease is bad for your tools, while
lubricants or basic machine oil are formulated specifically to
stay on. Moreover, lubricants must be applied sparingly. Too
much would turn it into the dirt-trapping grease you don’t want
anywhere near your toolbox.
4. Check for damage.
One best practice you should never ever forget is checking for
damage on your tools, especially the ones that run on electricity,
pressurised gas, and diesel. Keep an eye out for loose cable
joints, exposed wires (i.e., the rubber coating is ripped or has
lots of tiny holes), and blunt points or edges. Wiring flaws are
fire and safety hazards, so you need to be mindful of them
when using your power tools.
These four steps can go a long way to ensuring that every item
in your toolbox is in great condition. Make the most of your tools
(and your investment) by caring for them regardless of the
price. Use this article as your guide.
 Safety Precautions or Attitudes in the Workshop Basic Technology
– 2023 The following are the safety precautions or attitudes in the
workshop:
1. Obedience: Pupils must obey the instructions of their teachers at all times
2. Humility: Show respect to everybody and when you are in doubt about anything, ask
question.
3. Fiddling: Never play with any tool, equipment and machine in the workshop, such as
‘’ON/OFF” switch.
4. Horseplay: Do not run around in the workshop. Always, be patient and never rush.
5. Negligence: Report any fault or injury to your teacher, no matter how small.
6. Keep workshops clean and neat at all times.
7. Always use personal protective equipment such as gloves, goggle, boots, overall,
helmet.
8. Do not use chisels or files without handle.
9. Clean machines after use.
10. Do not give sharp objects to your workshop mates by throwing
or through the sharp-pointed edge.
11. Never put sharp objects to in your pockets. Keep them in tool
rack.
12. Do not wear loose dresses, neck-tie, watches, chains and rings
in the workshop.
13. Always use the right tools for the right job and in the correct
way.
14. Do not remove chips from machine/bench with bare hands. Use
wire brush.
15. After work, return all tools used. Keep tools in the tool rack.
Stop the machine and switch off power before leaving the
workshop.
Personal Protective Equipment

What Does PPE Mean?

Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) refers to protective
clothing for the eyes, head, ears, hands, respiratory system,
body, and feet. It is utilized to protect individuals from the
risks of injury and infection while minimizing exposure to
chemical, biological, and physical hazards. PPE serves as
the final line of defense when engineering and
administrative controls are insufficient in reducing or
eliminating risks.
What is PPE Safety?
PPE safety is the practice of ensuring a safe, working
environment for employees and visitors through the use of
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE). Safety is paramount to
all businesses across industries. Using PPEs, paired with
inspections such as workplace and restaurant inspections,
assessments like health and safety risk assessments, and
analysis such as gap analysis—is essential to protect
employees from risks and hazards.
Why is it Important?
According to the hierarchy of controls by the National Institute
for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), PPE (sometimes
also referred to as PPE equipment)—is recommended to be the
last level of defense to prevent occupational injuries, illnesses,
and fatalities, but some businesses combined it with other
control measures to ensure a safe and healthy environment for
their workers. Here are some benefits of using PPEs:
1. prevent unnecessary injury in the workplace;
2. protect employees from excessive chemical exposure;
3. prevent the spread of germs and infectious diseases
including COVID-19;
4. help businesses comply with regulatory requirements5.
improve employee productivity and efficiency.
 Welding Safety Equipment Checklist

1. Welding Goggles Welding goggles shield the welder’s eyes

temporarily while he or she is welding or cutting. The
purpose of this safety equipment is to protect the eye
not only from heat and visual radiation but also from
welding-related flying debris sparks.
As visible light waves, the welding process always
creates powerful ultraviolet and infrared. However,
UV and infrared radiation can be perceived indirectly
and cause eye damage in welders.
2. Welding Helmets

One of the most crucial items of personal protective

equipment a welder must wear is a welding helmet,
sometimes known as a “hood.” The ideal helmet shields
the eyes and skin not only from sparks but also from
ultraviolet light, which can impair eyesight and infrared
rays released by the arc.

Welding helmets are now available in a variety of colors

and styles that are pleasing to the eye. This cosmetic
aspect is, however, mixed with a functional aspect that
necessitates a light helmet that can be comfortably worn
for a full day’s work. To lessen the danger of neck ache or
weariness after wearing the helmet all day, the optimum
helmet is roughly 20 oz lighter.
3. Welding Hats

In order to keep the welder’s hair and head safe, welding

headgear is the next piece of welding safety equipment.

The primary purpose of this piece of equipment is to give

additional safety while minimizing the pain of a welding
helmet. Cotton and cotton thread is commonly used in the
sewing of welding helmets in order to reduce the likelihood
of a flame.
4. Welding Gloves In order to keep welders’ hands safe, these
gloves are recommended. These include the
protection from electric shock, intense heat, UV
and infrared radiation as well as a better grip
for the welder.

Welding gloves made of leather are an

excellent choice for a welding procedure
involving high temperatures. These gloves are
divided into three categories based on their
durability. TIG welding gloves, for starters, are
constructed of goat, cow, or pork skin. MIG
welding gloves, on the other hand, are
constructed of pig, cow, or deerskin. Finally,
use leather welding gloves produced from cows
or deer.
5. Welding Apron
Durable materials such as cowhide or swine skin
should be used to make an excellent welding
apron. Never use or wear a plastic or polyester
apron while welding since it can melt into the
welder’s skin. When the welder’s task requires
constant exposure to extreme heat or open
flames, a flame-resistant apron is the best option.

The half apron, which protects the waist down, and

the full apron, which protects the entire front side
of the welder and resembles a chef’s apron, are
the two most common varieties of welding aprons.
Heavy denim and cotton were chosen as the
primary fabrics for aprons.
6. Welding Jacket
The welder must weigh the pros and cons of each form of
welding clothing before making a final decision.

Wearing a fire-resistant jacket is essential when working

in a workplace that is constantly bombarded with high
temperatures, powerful sparks, and the threat of molten
metal. Flame-resistant cotton and leather are among the
most commonly used materials for clothing.

Cotton coats can be the ideal combination of protection,

affordability, and convenience. The problem with this form
of jacket, however, is that it doesn’t provide adequate
protection for all welding processes. Leather jackets have
long been regarded as a need for welding because of
their high resistance to fire and their ability to keep
welders safe
7. Welding Boots

Shoes that can endure sparks and large things falling on

a welder’s feet are necessary for welding work. Welding
boots look like regular boots at first glance, but the
leather covering the laces and the top differentiate them.

There are two primary purposes served by a proper set

of welding boots. A few things to note about leather
welding boots: they’re heat resistant, but also water-
resistant. First of all, welding boots keep the foot from
hurting or numbing for long periods of time while the
welder is at work. Because of this, the welder is able to
weld in the most ideal conditions without any difficulties.
8. Hearing Protection/Earplugs

Welding is a loud activity by nature. As a welder, hearing

protection is essential, and ear muffs or earplugs are a
must in order to block out the noise as you work.

Earplugs, semi-insert earplugs, and earmuffs are the

three most common types of hearing protection. Hearing
protection is chosen based on some factors, one of which
is noise level. The most critical component, however, is
that the hearing protection must keep noise out of the
welder’s ear and that he or she is comfortable wearing it.
9. Welding Respirator

Welding gases contain extremely small and

dense metal oxide particles, which create a
residue during the welding process. Several
factors, including the type of metal and the
process of welding, influence the intensity of
weld fumes.

As a protection, a welding respirator is the

best option. For both amateur and
professional welders, choosing the proper
welding respirator is essential.
Types of welding shield